[top]Disease Information
17 August 2006
Vol. 19 - No. 33Contents
INFECTION WITH MARTEILIA REFRINGENS IN MOROCCO
Immediate notification report
Translation of information received on 9 August 2006 from Dr Hamid Benazzou, Director of Animal Production Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Rabat:
Report date: 3 August 2006.
Reason for immediate notification: first occurrence or re-occurrence in a country or zone /compartment of the country, if the country or zone/compartment of the country was previously considered to be free of that particular disease.
Identification of agent: Marteilia refringens.
Host species: flat oyster (Ostrea edulis).
Date of first confirmation of the event: 17 July 2006.
Date of start of the event: 13 April 2006.
Nature of diagnosis: suspicion and laboratory.
Details of occurrence:
First administrative division (province) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the occurrence susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Nador lagoon Atalayoun 13 April 2006 mol 17 Description of affected population: wild flat oysters in a semi-closed farming system.
Diagnosis:
Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined No. of animals examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results National Fisheries Research Institute, Morocco mol 30 histopathological examination positive IFREMER(1) (OIE reference laboratory for mollusc diseases), France mol 30 histopathological examination positive Control measures undertaken: within-country movement controls and strengthening of epidemiological surveillance in zone 1 (Saïdia, Cap de Trois Fourches) in accordance with the animal health surveillance programme.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Final report: yes.
(1) French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea
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* *AVIAN INFLUENZA IN SWEDEN
Follow-up report No. 1 (final report)See also: 23 March 2006
Information received on 9 August 2006 from Dr Leif Denneberg, Chief Veterinary Officer, Swedish Board of Agriculture, Jönköping:
End of previous report period: 20 March 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [12], 246, dated 23 March 2006).
End of this report period: 3 August 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 17 March 2006.
Date of start of the event: 24 February 2006.
The restriction zones and zones A and B were withdrawn on 25 April 2006. Final cleaning and disinfection were completed on 23 May 2006. The remaining restrictions were withdrawn on 24 July 2006.
Final report: yes.
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* *VESICULAR STOMATITIS IN ECUADOR
Immediate notification report
Translation of information received on 14 August 2006 from Dr Gustavo F. Miño Verdesoto, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Department of Animal Health Emergency and Epidemiological Surveillance, Quito:
Report date: 6 July 2006.
Reason for immediate notification: re-occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a zone.
Identification of agent: vesicular stomatitis virus serotype New Jersey.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 20 June 2006.
Date of start of the event: 20 June 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
Details of outbreak:
First administrative division (province) Lower administrative division (canton) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Azuay Pucará farm San Rafael 20 June 2006 bov 23 13 0 0 0 Description of affected population: 6 young bulls, 1 calf and 1 cow in a mixed farm mainly comprising beef cattle. The farm is situated in a tropical zone with an average temperature of 27ΊC.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Result National Veterinary Laboratory Izquieta Pérez bov complement fixation test 23 June 2006 positive Source of outbreak or origin of infection:
- legal movement of animals;
- vectors.
Control measures undertaken:
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s).
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: no.
Other details/comments: the farm is situated in an area close to the canton of Santa Isabel, where the disease occurred previously. The situation is currently under control.
Final report: no.
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* *LOW PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN POULTRY IN THE NETHERLANDS
Follow-up report No. 2See also: 16 November 2006, 31 August 2006, 10 August 2006, 3 August 2006
Information received on 11 August 2006 from Dr Peter W. de Leeuw, Chief Veterinary Officer, Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries, The Hague:
End of previous report period: 4 August 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [32], 586, dated 10 August 2006).
End of this report period: 11 August 2006.
Identification of agent: low pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H7N7*.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 1 August 2006.
Date of start of the event: 28 July 2006.
Based on the sequence analysis, the infection has been categorized as low pathogenic notifiable avian influenza subtype H7N7.
Contact farms were identified in Lunteren, Kootwijkerbroek and Holten and one contact in Harderwijk (hatchery). The flocks on the four farms have been clinically inspected, sampled and found to be negative by PCR(1) and antibody tests. A random sample of hatching eggs from the hatchery was also found to be negative by PCR. These farms and the hatchery are no longer under suspicion.
The neighbouring flock of broiler parent chickens, belonging to the same owner as the infected farm, where we found only serological evidence of infection, has been further tested for virus twice. All samples taken were PCR-negative. The flock was tested on 9 August 2006 for a third time. Provided the samples are again PCR negative, the flock will be slaughtered at the end of the week. Remaining eggs will be delivered to an industrial processing plant. The competent authority will supervise cleaning and disinfection of the farm and storage and further use of the chicken litter.
In the 3-km zone around the infected flock, 45 establishments had commercial poultry, including the serologically positive flock. All 44 flocks remaining have been visited, clinically inspected and samples were taken and tested. No signs of an active notifiable avian influenza infection were observed and all laboratory results were negative, both for virus and antibodies.
Based on the above-mentioned favourable results, the competent authority of the Netherlands has allowed the transport of day-old chickens and hatching eggs, table eggs, eggs for industrial processing and eggs for disposal, poultry for slaughter, mammals of domestic species and manure of mammals in accordance with European Union legislation.
Within the installed 3-km zone, it remains forbidden to transport live poultry and other birds held in captivity, to organize shows and exhibitions of poultry and to transport or use chicken litter.
Final report: no.
* Note by the OIE Animal Health Information Department: H5 and H7 avian influenza in its low pathogenic form in poultry is a notifiable disease as per Chapter 2.7.12. on avian influenza of the Terrestrial Animal Health Code:
http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mcode/en_chapitre_2.7.12.htm
(1) PCR: polymerase chain reaction
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* *NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN BRAZIL
Follow-up report No. 5See also: 16 November 2006, 9 November 2006, 2 November 2006, 21 September 2006, 31 August 2006, 10 August 2006, 3 August 2006, 20 July 2006, 13 July 2006, 6 July 2006
Translation of information received on 12 August 2006 from Dr Jamil Gomes de Souza, Director, Department of Animal Health (DDA), Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Brasilia:
End of previous report period: 9 August 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [32], 595, dated 10 August 2006).
End of this report period: 11 August 2006.
Identification of agent: avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1).
Date of first confirmation of the event: 4 July 2006.
Date of start of the event: 2 May 2006.
Clinical disease: no.
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory.
New outbreak:
First administrative division (State) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Latitude Longitude Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Amazonas village Manaus 3Ί07'10.4"S 59Ί56'35.8"W avi 15 1 0 0 0 Description of affected population: backyard poultry (9 ducks and 6 hens).
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic test used Date Result National Agricultural Laboratory (LANAGRO-SP), São Paulo avi intracerebral pathogenicity index test 10 August 2006 positive (1,88) Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures
A. Undertaken:
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- zoning.
B. To be undertaken:
- stamping out;
- screening.
- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s).
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: no.
Other details/comments:
Within the framework of the national active surveillance programme for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, samples were taken from sites with migratory birds and within a 10-km radius around these sites.
One of these sites is situated near the urban zone of Manaus municipality. There are no commercial poultry farms in this zone. Samples were taken from several premises with poultry for on-farm consumption; one sample tested positive for Newcastle disease. None of the birds on the premises concerned had presented clinical signs of the disease.
Stamping out was applied to all the other poultry on the affected premises and cleaning and disinfection operations are in progress. To date, there have been no reports of any birds presenting clinical signs of Newcastle disease.
The outbreak is situated approximately 3,050 km from the outbreak in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. There is no epidemiological link between the two outbreaks.
Final report: no.
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* *AVIAN INFLUENZA IN INDIA
Follow-up report No. 4 (final report)See also: 8 June 2006, 16 March 2006, 2 March 2006, 23 February 2006
Information received on 11 August 2006 from Ms Charusheela Sohoni, Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, New Delhi:
End of previous report period: 5 June 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [23], 450, dated 8 June 2006).
End of this report period: 11 August 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 18 February 2006.
Date of start of the event: 27 January 2006.
The last outbreak was detected on 18 April 2006 in Jalgaon district, Maharashtra State.
To date, surveillance for H5N1 (clinical, virological and serological) has been carried out in a 15-km-radius zone around the affected areas. Surveillance was also carried out over the rest of the country. The results of surveillance and other relevant information on the outbreaks are available on the Department of Animal Husbandry Dairying and Fisheries website at http://www.dahd.nic.in.
Article 2.7.12.4. of the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code (2005) states that a country may regain its status as an avian influenza-free country three months after a stamping-out policy (including disinfection of all affected establishments) is applied, providing that surveillance in accordance with Appendix 3.8.9. has been carried out during that three-month period.
Final culling operations were completed on 27 April 2006 and final disinfection and cleaning up operations were completed on 7 May 2006. Surveillance around the outbreaks since completion of operations (including culling, disinfection and clean up) and surveillance in the rest of the country have shown no evidence of the presence of highly pathogenic avian influenza.
India, therefore, declares that it has regained its notifiable avian influenza free country status.
Final report: yes.
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* *FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN ECUADOR
Follow-up report No. 3See also: 3 August 2006, 6 July 2006, 1 June 2006
Translation of information received on 15 August 2006 from Dr Gustavo F. Miño Verdesoto, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Department of Animal Health Emergency and Epidemiological Surveillance, Quito:
End of previous report period: 3 August 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [31], 576, dated 3 August 2006).
End of this report period: 14 August 2006.
Identification of agent: foot and mouth disease virus serotype O.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 17 May 2006.
Date of start of the event: 15 May 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
Details of outbreak:
First administrative division (province) Lower administrative division (canton) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Pichincha Pedro Vicente Maldonado farm 15 May 2006 bov 32 7 0 0 0 Description of affected population: 3 calves, a young bull and 3 cows in a small farm principally involved in milk production.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Result National Veterinary Laboratory Izquieta Pérez bov complement fixation test 14 June 2006 positive Source of outbreak or origin of infection: fomites.
Control measures undertaken:
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- zoning;
- vaccination;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s).
Vaccination in response to the outbreaks:
First administrative division (province) Species Total number of animals vaccinated Pichincha bov 200 Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: no.
Other details/comments: in the affected zone there are migratory birds and considerable movements of people. Movement restriction measures on susceptible animals located within a 10-km radius of the outbreak have been applied. To date, there is no suspicion of the presence of sick animals within the affected zone or elsewhere in the country.
Final report: no.
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* *HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN TURKEY
Follow-up report No. 17 (final report - continuation)See also: 18 May 2006, 11 May 2006, 27 April 2006, 20 April 2006, 13 April 2006, 6 April 2006, 30 March 2006, 23 March 2006, 9 March 2006, 2 March 2006, 2 March 2006, 23 February 2006, 2 February 2006, 26 January 2006, 19 January 2006, 12 January 2006, 30 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 18 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 14 October 2005, 14 October 2005
Information received on 15 August 2006 from Dr Hüseyin Sungur, Director General, General Directorate of Protection and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ankara:
End of previous report period: 17 May 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [20], 398, dated 18 May 2006).
End of this report period: 15 August 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 26 December 2005.
Date of start of the event: 15 December 2005.
The last confirmed case of highly pathogenic avian influenza was reported on 31 March 2006, over four months ago. Stamping out was carried out around all outbreaks and surveillance is ongoing, with negative results. Vaccination has not been applied in any part of Turkey.
On the basis of this evidence, Turkey declares itself free of highly pathogenic avian influenza with effect from 15 August 2006, in accordance with the conditions described in the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code (Articles 2.7.12.3. and 2.7.12.4).
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* *HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN CHINA (PEOPLE'S REP. OF ~): FOLLOW-UP REPORT NO. 19
See also: 5 October 2006, 27 July 2006, 6 July 2006, 22 June 2006, 8 June 2006, 9 February 2006, 12 January 2006, 5 January 2006, 16 December 2005, 2 December 2005, 25 November 2005, 18 November 2005, 11 November 2005, 11 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 21 October 2005, 12 August 2005
Information received on 15 August 2006 from Mr Jia Youling, Director General, Veterinary Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing:
End of previous report period: 20 July 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [30], 550, dated 27 July 2006).
End of this report period: 15 August 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 7 June 2005.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.
New outbreak:
First administrative division (province) Lower administrative division Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Hunan Changsha village Hanhui 4 August 2006 avi 1,805 1,805 217,000 0 Description of affected population: poultry.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Diagnostic tests used Date Results Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin (national reference laboratory for avian influenza) - haemagglutination inhibition test
- RT-PCR(1)
- intravenous pathogenicity index test
14 August 2006 positive Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive;
Control measures undertaken:
- stamping out;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- vaccination;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s);
- dipping/spraying.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: no.
Final report: no.
(1) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
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* *AVIAN INFLUENZA IN EGYPT
Follow-up report No. 3See also: 21 December 2006, 21 September 2006, 30 March 2006, 9 March 2006, 23 February 2006
Information received on 16 August 2006 from Dr Ahmed Tawfik Mohamed, Chairman of the General Organization for Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo:
End of previous report period: 22 March 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [13], 272, dated 30 March 2006).
End of this report period: 10 August 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 17 February 2006.
Date of start of the event: 17 February 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
Details of outbreaks:
First administrative division (governorate) Type of epide-miological unit Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the outbreak suscep
tiblecases deaths des-
troyedslaugh-tered Cairo farm 25 April 2006 avi 2 Beni Suef farm 25 April 2006 avi 1 Giza village 27 April 2006 avi 1 Kafr el Shiekh farm 30 April 2006 avi 4 Dakahlia farm 3 May 2006 avi 3 Sharkia farm 3 May 2006 avi 3 Monifia farm 3 May 2006 avi 1 Sohag farm 3 May 2006 avi 1 Alexandria farm 13 May 2006 avi 1 Fayoum farm 18 May 2006 avi 1 Menia farm 19 May 2006 avi 1 Assuit farm 25 May 2006 avi 2 Kalubia farm 28 May 2006 avi 2 Behera farm 31 May 2006 avi 1 Gharbia farm 4 June 2006 avi 1 Affected population: mainly commercial farms.
Diagnosis:
Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Animal Health Research Institute (national laboratory) avi ELISA(1) 22 March - 10 August 2006 positive for H5N1 Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures applied:
- stamping out;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- vaccination;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s).
Vaccination in response to the outbreaks:
First administrative division Species Total number of animals vaccinated Details of the vaccine Alexandria avi* 2,777,379 H5N1 and H5N2 inactivated vaccine Assuit avi 185,389 H5N1 and H5N2 inactivated vaccine Aswan avi 716 H5N1 and H5N2 inactivated vaccine Bani suef avi* 572,003 H5N1 and H5N2 inactivated vaccine Behera avi 3,853,729 H5N1 and H5N2 inactivated vaccine Bor said avi 6,770 H5N1 and H5N2 inactivated vaccine Cairo avi 444,000 H5N1 and H5N2 inactivated vaccine Dakahlia avi 6,280,820 H5N1 and H5N2 inactivated vaccine Dommatie avi 455,030 H5N1 and H5N2 inactivated vaccine El wadi el geded avi 71,975 H5N1 and H5N2 inactivated vaccine Fayoum avi* 173,000 H5N1 and H5N2 inactivated vaccine Gharbia avi* 5,084,881 H5N1 and H5N2 inactivated vaccine Giza avi* 6,218,668 H5N1 and H5N2 inactivated vaccine Ismalia avi 937,926 H5N1 and H5N2 inactivated vaccine Kafr el sheikh avi* 398,933 H5N1 and H5N2 inactivated vaccine Kaliubia avi 7,343,854 H5N1 and H5N2 inactivated vaccine Menia avi 1,455,893 H5N1 and H5N2 inactivated vaccine Monofia avi 346,883 H5N1 and H5N2 inactivated vaccine Qina avi 11,673 H5N1 and H5N2 inactivated vaccine Sharkia avi* 8,642,159 H5N1 and H5N2 inactivated vaccine Sohage avi 227,036 H5N1 and H5N2 inactivated vaccine Suez avi 27,000 H5N1 and H5N2 inactivated vaccine * domestic and zoo birds
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: no.
Other details/comments:
To date, the results of active and passive surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza indicate that there have been no positive cases in domestic or wild birds since 30 June 2006.
The results of laboratory tests for highly pathogenic avian influenza in zoo birds in all the governorates indicate that there have been no positive cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza since 24 April 2006.
Final report: no.
(1) ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
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* *AVIAN INFLUENZA IN CAMBODIA
Follow-up report No. 1See also: 7 September 2006, 20 April 2006
Information received on 16 August 2006 from Dr Sen Sovann, Deputy Director, Department of Animal Health and Production (DAHP), Phnom Penh:
End of previous report period: 13 April 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [16], 335, dated 20 April 2006).
End of this report period: 14 August 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 23 March 2006.
Date of start of the event: 20 March 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
New outbreak:
First administrative division (province) Lower administrative division (district) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Prey Veng Preah Sdach farm RokarChuor I
(Banteay Chakrey commune)1 August 2006 avi 1,600 1,202 1,202 398 0 Description of affected populations: free-ranging ducks (egg ducks): one group of about 400 ducks aged 6 months and another group of about 1,200 ducks aged 10 weeks.
Diagnosis:
Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results - National Animal Health and Production Investigation Center (NAHPIC)
- Pasteur Institute of Cambodia
avi RT-PCR(1) 11 August 2006 positive for H5N1 Control measures undertaken:
- stamping out;
- disinfection;
- movement control in affected area;
- surveillance around the outbreak;
- education of the farmers on avian influenza and how to prevent the spread of the disease.
Final report: no.
(1) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
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