[top]Disease Information
3 August 2006
Vol. 19 - No. 31Contents
PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF CONGO
(Disease never reported before in the Republic of Congo).
Immediate notification report
Translation of information received on 27 July 2006 from Dr Léon Tati, Directorate for Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Brazzaville:
Report date: 27 July 2006.
Reason for immediate notification: first occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country.
Identification of agent: virus family Paramyxoviridae, genus Morbillivirus.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 3 July 2006.
Date of start of the event: December 2005.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
Details of outbreaks:
First administrative division (department) Lower administrative division (subprefecture) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Plateaux Djambala farm Djambala 12 April 2006 ovi 127 71 71 0 44 cap 167 118 118 0 49 village Kahon 12 April 2006 cap 200 200 200 0 0 village Akou … cap 10 10 10 0 0 Lékana farm Lékana December 2005 o/c 215 215 215 0 0 Description of affected population: family holdings. Clinical signs of the disease were first observed in a herd at Lékana, where animals bought in a border livestock market had been introduced.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD-EMVT), Montpellier, France … competitive ELISA … positive Source of outbreak or origin of infection: an epidemiological investigation is in progress.
Control measures undertaken:
- modified stamping out;
- quarantine in the affected farms and villages;
- movement control inside the country;
- zoning;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s).
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* *AVIAN INFLUENZA IN THE PALESTINIAN AUTONOMOUS TERRITORIES
Follow-up report No. 1 (final report)See also: 13 April 2006
Information received on 27 July 2006 from Dr Imad Mukarker, Deputy Director General, Veterinary Services and Animal Health, Palestinian National Authority, Nablus:
End of previous report period: 5 April 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [15], 323, dated 13 April 2006).
End of this report period: 19 July 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 23 March 2006.
Date of start of the event: 21 March 2006.
On 11 April 2006, the Palestinian Autonomous Territories notified the OIE of eight outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5N1. All the measures required by the OIE were implemented and successfully prevented the spread of the virus. All investigations were carried out in compliance with the provisions of Appendix 3.8.9. of the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code. No other outbreaks have been discovered.
Article 2.7.12.4. of the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code states that a country may regain its status as a highly pathogenic avian influenza free country three months after a stamping-out policy (including disinfection of all affected establishments) is applied, providing that surveillance in accordance with Appendix 3.8.9. has been carried out during that three-month period. Culling operations were completed on 19 April 2006. The final cleaning and disinfection operations of the establishment were completed on 19 April 2006. Surveillance performed around the area of the outbreak since April 2006 has shown no other outbreak of the disease.
The Palestinian Autonomous Territories have therefore regained their status "free of highly pathogenic avian influenza", with effect from 19 July 2006.
Final report: yes.
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* *AVIAN INFLUENZA IN GERMANY
Follow-up report No. 1 (final report)See also: 13 April 2006
Information received on 28 July 2006 from Prof. Dr. Werner Zwingmann, Chief Veterinary Officer, Ministry of Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture, Bonn:
End of previous report period: 6 April 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [15], 319, dated 13 April 2006).
End of this report period: 28 July 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 5 April 2006.
Date of start of the event: 4 April 2006.
On 4 April 2006, immediately after the suspected presence of avian influenza had been officially recorded, stamping out was applied to all poultry in the affected farm and to all contact animals (poultry) as well as birds in the 3 km protection zone. Since the above-mentioned outbreak, no other cases of the disease in poultry have been recorded in Germany.
In accordance with Chapter 2.7.12. of the Terrestrial Animal Health Code, Germany considers itself free from highly pathogenic avian influenza as from 28 July 2006.
Final report: yes.
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* *FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN CHINA (PEOPLE'S REP. OF ~): FOLLOW-UP REPORT NO. 9
See also: 16 November 2006, 19 October 2006, 21 September 2006, 24 August 2006, 10 August 2006, 13 July 2006, 29 June 2006, 15 June 2006, 1 June 2006, 4 May 2006, 30 March 2006, 9 March 2006, 19 January 2006, 5 January 2006, 18 November 2005, 22 July 2005
Information received on 28 July 2006 from Mr Jia Youling, Director General, Veterinary Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing:
End of previous report period: 10 July 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [28], 528, dated 13 July 2006).
End of this report period: 28 July 2006.
Identification of agent: foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus serotype Asia1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 29 December 2005.
Date of start of the event: 6 December 2005.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.
New outbreak:
First administrative division (province) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Qinghai village Geermu 22 July 2006 bov 98 54 … 98 0 Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (national reference laboratory for FMD) bov - liquid-phase blocking ELISA(1)
- RT-PCR(2)
- virus isolation
27 July 2006 positive Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures undertaken:
- stamping out;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- vaccination;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s);
- dipping/spraying.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: no.
Final report: no.
(1) ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(2) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
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* *HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN SOUTH AFRICA
Follow-up report No. 2See also: 2 November 2006, 28 September 2006, 10 August 2006, 13 July 2006, 6 July 2006, 30 September 2005
Information received on 28 July 2006 from Dr Botlhe Modisane, Senior Manager of Animal Health, National Department of Agriculture, Pretoria:
End of previous report period: 6 July 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [28], 522, dated 13 July 2006).
End of this report period: 27 July 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N2.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 29 June 2006.
Date of start of the event: 19 June 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.
Details of outbreak:
First administrative division (province) Lower administrative division Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Latitude Longitude Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak suscep-tible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Western Cape Riversdale farm Sandfontein 34º02’06’’S 21º38’31.9’’E 19 June 2006 avi … … … 7,284* … * on 26 July 2006, stamping out was applied to 7,284 ostriches at Sandfontein and at a farm called Wydesrivier belonging to the same owner. All ostriches at Wydesrivier tested negative for avian influenza.
Diagnosis (reminder):
Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Stellenbosch Veterinary Laboratory avi virus isolation 29 June 2006 positive ARC(1) Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute avi - RT-PCR(2)
- sequence analysis
30 June - 1 July 2006 positive for H5N2 Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures undertaken:
- stamping out;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- disinfection of the infected establishment.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Other details/comments:
- Two other suspected seropositive farms are under quarantine and a final decision on the outcome of these farms will depend on the results of follow-up tests:
- Ostriches at Uitershoek farm (Prins Albert, Western Cape province) were losing condition, which is not uncommon during the harsh winter period. This farm contained 464 animals and it was tested again on 19 July 2006, although the routine surveillance tests on 22 February 2006 had been negative for avian influenza. Six out of 29 samples tested positive for avian influenza subtype H5 on the haemagglutination inhibition test. Samples were again taken on 24 July 2006 and all RT-PCR results were negative.
- At Grassmere farm (Kou-Kamma, Eastern Cape province), which contained 821 animals, samples were taken on 21 July 2006 as part of the ongoing surveillance programme. Fourteen out of thirty-five samples tested positive for avian influenza subtype H5 on the haemagglutination inhibition test. No clinical signs of disease were observed in the ostriches at this farm. Retesting on 22 and 24 July resulted in negative RT-PCR tests.
- All farms in the 10-km-radius zone were retested after the culling of ostriches on and around the index farm (Sandfontein) with negative results and the quarantine measures in the quarantine area have thus been lifted.
Final report: no.
(1) ARC: Agricultural Research Council
(2) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
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* *HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN POULTRY IN THAILAND
Follow-up report No. 1See also: 16 November 2006, 27 July 2006, 6 April 2006, 16 February 2006, 2 February 2006, 26 January 2006, 19 January 2006, 12 January 2006, 23 December 2005, 16 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 2 December 2005, 25 November 2005, 18 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 21 October 2005, 14 October 2005, 7 October 2005, 30 September 2005, 23 September 2005, 16 September 2005, 9 September 2005, 2 September 2005, 26 August 2005, 19 August 2005, 12 August 2005, 29 July 2005, 22 July 2005, 15 July 2005
Information received on 31 July and 2 August 2006 from Dr Yukol Limlamthong, Director General, Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok:
End of previous report period: 26 July 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [30], 556, dated 27 July 2006).
End of this report period: 2 August 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 26 July 2006.
Date of start of the event: 16 July 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: suspicion, clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.
New outbreak:
First administrative division (province) Lower administrative division (district) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Nakhon Phanom Muang village No. 13 24 July 2006 avi 5,500 2,241 2,241 3,259 0 Description of affected population: layer chickens in a conventional medium size farm with typically low biosecurity.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Upper Northeastern Regional Veterinary Research and Development Centre, Department of Livestock Development, Konkean province avi - virus isolation
- haemagglutination inhibition test29 July 2006 positive for H5 National Institute of Animal Health avi - virus isolation
- real-time PCR(1)1st August 2006 positive for H5N1 Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures undertaken:
- stamping out in the affected premises, with 75% compensation;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening (cloacal swab sampling in a 5-km-radius zone around the infected premises involving 11,917 poultry [10,502 native chickens, 902 ducks, 267 layers and 228 other poultry] of 734 farmers);
- zoning;
- disinfection of the affected premises, all infected/contaminated materials and high-risk areas;
- dipping/spraying.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Other details/comments:
- Nakhon Phanom Provincial Livestock Office has declared the whole of Muang district as an HPAI infected area, which allows the authorities of the Department of Livestock Development to conduct full-scale disease control measures.
- Active clinical surveillance in a 10-km-radius zone, with a ban on the movement of poultry for a period of 30 days from 26 July 2006, the date on which disinfection of the affected premises was completed. There are 47,367 poultry (43,666 native chickens, 2,562 ducks, 282 layers and 228 other poultry) of 2,497 farmers involved in these activities.
- Any poultry restocking in the affected areas can be carried out after 90 days (i.e. not before 25 October 2006) provided that no more positive cases are detected.
Final report: no.
(1) PCR: polymerase chain reaction
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* *FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN ECUADOR
Follow-up report No. 2See also: 17 August 2006, 6 July 2006, 1 June 2006
Translation of information received on 2 and 3 August 2006 from Dr Gustavo F. Miño Verdesoto, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Department of Animal Health Emergency and Epidemiological Surveillance, Quito:
End of previous report period: 4 July 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [27], 514, dated 6 July 2006).
End of this report period: 3 August 2006.
Identification of agent: foot and mouth disease virus serotype O.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 17 May 2006.
Date of start of the event: 15 May 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
Details of outbreaks (updated data):
First administrative division (province) Lower administrative division (canton) Name of the location Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Pichincha Santo Domingo de los Colorados Quinindé farm 15 May 2006 bov 520 21 0 0 0 San Jacinto del Búa farm 16 May 2006 bov 33 10 0 0 0 Description of affected population:
- outbreak in Quinindé: young bulls of unknown origin acquired in the main market of Santo Domingo;
- outbreak in San Jacinto del Búa: a bridle path links this outbreak with the Quinindé outbreak, located at a distance of approximately 3 km.
Diagnosis (reminder):
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results National Veterinary Laboratory Izquieta Pérez bov complement fixation test 17-19 May 2006 positive Source of outbreaks or origin of infection:
- introduction of animals;
- legal movement of animals;
- fomites.
Control measures undertaken:
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- vaccination around the outbreak;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s).
Vaccination in response to the outbreaks:
First administrative division (province) Outbreaks Species Total number of animals vaccinated Pichincha Quinindé bov 1,500 San Jacinto del Búa bov 100 Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: no.
Other details/comments: Disinfectant facilities have been placed at access points to the affected premises. The situation is under control and there are currently no suspected cases of the disease in this zone.
Final report: no.
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* *NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN BRAZIL
Follow-up report No. 3See also: 16 November 2006, 9 November 2006, 2 November 2006, 21 September 2006, 31 August 2006, 17 August 2006, 10 August 2006, 20 July 2006, 13 July 2006, 6 July 2006
Translation of information received on 2 August 2006 from Dr Jamil Gomes de Souza, Director, Department of Animal Protection (DDA), Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Brasilia:
End of previous report period: 19 July 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [29], 543, dated 20 July 2006).
End of this report period: 2 August 2006.
Identification of agent: avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1).
Date of first confirmation of the event: 4 July 2006.
Date of start of the event: 2 May 2006.
Since the event was confirmed in the municipality of Vale Real (State of Rio Grande do Sul), epidemiological investigations have been in progress.
The protection zone (3-km radius around the outbreak) and the surveillance zone (7-km-wide band around the protection zone) are being maintained and all farms in this area are constantly inspected. There have been no further suspected cases of Newcastle disease. All movements of birds and risk products for trade on national and international markets are prohibited in this area.
On 28 July 2006, sentinel birds (SPF [specific pathogen free] chickens aged 14 weeks) have been placed in the farm where the outbreak occurred and, to date, no clinical signs of the disease have been observed and no deaths have occurred in these animals.
Final report: no.
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* *LOW PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN POULTRY IN THE NETHERLANDS (SUSPICION)
See also: 16 November 2006, 31 August 2006, 17 August 2006, 10 August 2006
Immediate notification report
Information received on 2 August 2006 from Dr Peter W. de Leeuw, Chief Veterinary Officer, Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries, The Hague:
Report date: 2 August 2006.
Reason for immediate notification: re-occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country or zone/compartment following a report declaring the outbreak(s) ended.
Identification of agent: low pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H7*.
Clinical disease: no.
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory.
During regular monitoring of a poultry reproduction farm in the town of Voorthuizen (Gelderland province), serological tests showed positive results in 30 of the 40 blood samples taken. The samples showed high titres for H7. Subsequent PCR(1) testing did not show any active virus. The farm has been quarantined and will be retested with PCR. All commercial farms within a 1-km radius zone around this farm have been visited and samples taken.
There are five commercial poultry farms within a 1-km radius of the index farm:
- no clinical symptoms of avian influenza have been observed on any of these farms and serology for H5 and H7 was negative for all of them;
- one farm showed a positive result for H7 in PCR testing. This farm had contacts with the index farm and has also been quarantined. All animals on this farm (approximately 25,000 chickens) have been culled. Sequence analysis has shown that it is low pathogenic avian influenza subtype H7. Virus isolation is in progress. A 3-km restriction zone has been established around the farm and transportation restrictions are in place, with an exception being made for movements of non-susceptible animals from farms where no susceptible animals are present.
Three further contact establishments in the towns of Lunteren and Kootwijkerbroek have been sampled. The results for PCR and serology were negative.
Final report: no.
* Note by the OIE Animal Health Information Department: H5 and H7 avian influenza in its low pathogenic form in poultry is a notifiable disease as per Chapter 2.7.12. on avian influenza of the Terrestrial Animal Health Code:
http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mcode/en_chapitre_2.7.12.htm
(1) PCR: polymerase chain reaction
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* *MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN MONGOLIA (IN WILDLIFE) (FOLLOW-UP REPORT NO. 1)
See also: 1 June 2006
Information received on 28 July 2006 from Dr Doloojin Orgil, Director, Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Ulaanbaatar:
End of previous report period: 30 May 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [22], 436, dated 1 June 2006).
End of this report period: 28 July 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 4 May 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
New outbreak:
First administrative division (province) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Bulgan NA* Lake Hunt early June fau … 12 12 0 0 * NA: not applicable
Description of affected population: migratory birds (gull, swan, goose).
Diagnosis:
Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results State Central Veterinary Laboratory fau - rapid test
- haemagglutination test
- haemagglutination inhibition test
- RT-PCR(1)
… positive for H5 Hokkaido University, OIE reference laboratory fau - haemagglutination test
- haemagglutination inhibition test
… positive for H5N1 Control measures undertaken:
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- disinfection.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: no.
Final report: no.
(1) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
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* *MISCELLANEOUS: HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN CHINA (PEOPLE'S REP. OF ~) (IN WILDLIFE) (FOLLOW-UP REPORT NO. 5)
See also: 21 September 2006, 29 June 2006, 15 June 2006, 8 June 2006, 1 June 2006, 27 April 2006, 2 February 2006
Information received on 28 July 2006 from Mr Jia Youling, Director General, Veterinary Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing:
End of previous report period: 23 June 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [26], 501, dated 29 June 2006).
End of this report period: 28 July 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 19 April 2006.
Date of start of the event: 13 April 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
Details of outbreaks (updated data):
First administrative division (province) Name of the location Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Tibet Dangxiong (county) NA* 26 May 2006 fau … 58 58 0 0 Naqu (district) NA 21 May 2006 fau … 2,579 2,579 0 0 * NA: not applicable
Affected population: migratory birds.
Diagnosis (reminder):
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (national reference laboratory for avian influenza) fau - haemagglutination inhibition test
- virus isolation
- RT-PCR(1)
3 May-6 June 2006 positive Control measures undertaken:
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- disinfection;
- dipping/spraying.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: no.
Other details/comments: In Qinghai province, no dead birds have been found in Yushu county since 16 June 2006 or in Guolou district since 12 June 2006.
Final report: no.
(1) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
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* *MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN AUSTRIA (IN WILDLIFE) (FOLLOW-UP REPORT NO. 1) (FINAL REPORT)
See also: 23 February 2006
Information received on 31 July 2006 from Prof. Dr Ulrich Herzog, Chief Veterinary Officer, Federal Ministry for Health and Women, Vienna:
End of previous report period: 20 February 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [8], 146, dated 23 February 2006).
End of this report period: 31 July 2006.
Precise identification of agent: influenza A subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 18 February 2006.
Date of start of the event: 13 February 2006.
The first occurrence of avian influenza in wildlife was on 14 February 2006 and the last positive finding was on 26 April 2006. There has been no infection of poultry or other captive birds.
Up to 13 June 2006, a total of 3,184 wild birds and poultry have been investigated in the national reference laboratory.
Final report: yes.
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