Disease Information

13 April 2006
Vol. 19 - No. 15

Contents

Highly pathogenic avian influenza in Turkey: follow-up report No. 12

Avian influenza in Germany

Classical swine fever in Brazil: follow-up report No. 3

Foot and mouth disease in the Palestinian Autonomous Territories

Avian influenza in Azerbaijan: follow-up report No. 2 (final report)

Avian influenza in the Palestinian Autonomous Territories

Vesicular stomatitis in the United States of America: follow-up report No. 29 (final report)

Foot and mouth disease in Argentina: follow-up report No. 3 (final report)

Miscellaneous: Avian influenza in the United Kingdom/Great Britain (in wildlife)

Miscellaneous: Avian influenza in Poland (in wildlife) (follow-up report No. 4)

Miscellaneous: Avian influenza in the Czech (Republic ~) (in wildlife) (follow-up report No. 1)

Miscellaneous: Avian influenza in Switzerland (in wildlife) (follow-up report No. 3)

Miscellaneous: Avian influenza in Denmark (in wildlife) (follow-up report No. 3)

Miscellaneous: Avian influenza in Croatia (in wildlife) (follow-up report No. 9)

Miscellaneous: Avian influenza in Germany (in wildlife) (follow-up report No. 4)

HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN TURKEY
Follow-up report No. 12

See also: 17 August 2006, 18 May 2006, 11 May 2006, 27 April 2006, 20 April 2006, 6 April 2006, 30 March 2006, 23 March 2006, 9 March 2006, 2 March 2006, 2 March 2006, 23 February 2006, 2 February 2006, 26 January 2006, 19 January 2006, 12 January 2006, 30 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 18 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 14 October 2005, 14 October 2005

Information received on 6 April 2006 from Dr Hüseyin Sungur, Director General, General Directorate of Protection and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ankara:

End of previous report period: 30 March 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [14], 295, dated 6 April 2006).

End of this report period: 6 April 2006.

Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 26 December 2005.

Date of start of the event: 15 December 2005.

Clinical disease: yes.

Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.

New outbreaks:

First administrative division (province)	Lower administrative division	Type of epide-miological unit	Name of the location	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreaks
						suscep- tible	cases	deaths	des- troyed	slaugh-tered
Erzurum	Merkez	village	Kazim Yurdalan	22 March 2006	avi	14	5	5	9	0
Kars	Akyaka	village	Istasyon mah.	22 March 2006	avi	13	1	1	12	0
Kars	Merkez	village	Hasciftlik koyu	24 March 2006	avi	330	84	84	246	0

Description of affected population: backyard poultry flocks.

Diagnosis:

Outbreak	Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed	Species examined	Diagnostic tests used	Date	Results
Erzurum	Central Veterinary Control and Research Institute	chicken	RT-PCR(1)	29 March 2006	positive for H5N1
Kars/Akyaka	Central Veterinary Control and Research Institute	turkey	RT-PCR	29 March 2006	positive for H5N1
Kars/Merkez	Central Veterinary Control and Research Institute	chicken	RT-PCR	4 April 2006	positive for H5N1

Source of new outbreaks: contact with infected animal(s) at grazing/watering and contact with wild animals.

Control measures undertaken:

- stamping out;

- quarantine;

- movement control inside the country;

- screening;

- zoning;

- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s).

Treatment of affected animals: no.

Vaccination prohibited: yes.

Other details/comments:

- Between 15 December 2005 and 6 April 2006, a total of 2,502,309 poultry within the outbreaks and around the outbreaks were culled.

- Between 30 March 2006 and 6 April 2006, 21 outbreaks in 14 provinces were eradicated.

Final report: no.

(1) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction

*
* *

AVIAN INFLUENZA IN GERMANY

See also: 3 August 2006

(Date of previous outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Germany reported to the OIE: May 2003).

Immediate notification report

Information received on 6 April 2006 from Prof. Dr. Werner Zwingmann, Chief Veterinary Officer, Ministry of Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture, Bonn:

Report date: 6 April 2006.

Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 5 April 2006.

Date of start of the event: 5 April 2006.

Clinical disease: yes.

Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.

Details of outbreak:

First administrative division	Lower administrative division	Type of epide-miolo-gical unit	Name of the location	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreak
						susceptible	cases	deaths	destroyed	slaugh-tered
Sachsen	Muldentalkreis	farm	Mutzschen	5 April 2006	avi	14,300	801	800	13,500	0

Description of affected population: turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo).

Diagnosis:

Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed	Species examined	Diagnostic tests used	Date	Results
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, OIE Reference Laboratory, Insel Riems	avi	PCR(1) (M, H5, N1 genes)	5 April 2006	positive for H5N1

Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive. Contact with wild birds is suspected.

Control measures undertaken:

- control of wildlife reservoirs;

- stamping out;

- movement control inside the country;

- screening;

- zoning.

Treatment of affected animals: no.

Vaccination prohibited: yes.

Final report: no.

(1) PCR: polymerase chain reaction

*
* *

CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER IN BRAZIL
Follow-up report No. 3

See also: 22 June 2006, 8 June 2006, 1 June 2006, 25 May 2006, 27 April 2006, 6 April 2006, 23 March 2006, 9 March 2006

Translation of information received on 8 April 2006 from Dr Jorge Caetano Junior, Director, Department of Animal Protection (DDA), Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Brasilia:

End of previous report period: 29 March 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [14], 289, dated 6 April 2006).

End of this report period: 8 April 2006.

Identification of agent: classical swine fever virus.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 6 March 2006.

Date of start of the event: 22 February 2006.

Clinical disease: yes.

Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.

New outbreak:

First administrative division (State)	Lower administrative division (municipality)	Type of epide-miolo-gical unit	Latitude	Longitude	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreak
							suscepti-ble	cases	deaths	destroyed	slaugh-tered
Ceará	Tianguá	farm	3º44'25.5''S	41º00'32.6''W	21 March 2006	sui	155	11	4	0	0

Affected population: smallholding (rearing and breeding).

Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.

Control measures

A. Undertaken:

- quarantine;

- zoning.

B. To be undertaken:

- stamping out;

- movement control inside the country;

- screening;

- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s).

Treatment of affected animals: no.

Vaccination prohibited: yes.

Other details/comments:

- The owner of the farm reported the onset of the outbreak to the official authorities on 22 March 2006 and the farm has been placed under a ban since 23 March.

- Inspection and epidemiological investigation of all the holdings in a 10-km-radius zone around the outbreak are in progress.

- The last occurrence of classical swine fever in Ceará State was reported in June 2004.

Final report: no.

*
* *

FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN THE PALESTINIAN AUTONOMOUS TERRITORIES

Immediate notification report

Information received on 9 April 2006 from Dr Imad Mukarker, Deputy Director General, Veterinary Services and Animal Health, Palestinian National Authority, Nablus:

Report date: 5 April 2006.

Reason for immediate notification: re-occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country or zone/compartment following a report declaring the outbreak(s) ended.

Identification of agent: foot and mouth disease virus type O.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 16 February 2006.

Date of start of the event: 4 February 2006.

Clinical disease: yes.

Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.

Details of outbreaks:

First administrative division	Type of epide-miolo-gical unit	Name of the location	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreaks
					susceptible	cases	deaths	destroyed	slaugh-tered
Hebron	farm	Durah/Almoraq	4 February 2006	bov	500	85	10	0	0
Hebron	farm	Durah/Almoraq	7 February 2006	ovi	300	90	0	0	0
Hebron	farm	Ithnah	10 February 2006	bov	18	10	0	0	0
Jerusalem	farm	Alram	10 February 2006	ovi	70	13	0	0	0
Gaza	farm	Gaza	18 March 2006	ovi	300	80	0	0	0

Description of affected population:

- The first outbreak in Hebron started in a herd of steers which had been brought 5 days before the onset of the clinical signs after a quarantine stay in the quarantine station of Eylat. The herd was vaccinated during the quarantine but was transported before the end of the 14-day post-vaccination period to a lamb fattening farm located just 100 metres far from the steers farm, where the outbreak started 4 days later.

- The outbreak in Jerusalem occurred in an unvaccinated flock.

- The outbreak in Gaza concerns 300 milking sheep bought from Israel 5 days before the onset of clinical signs.

Diagnosis:

Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed	Species examined	Diagnostic tests used	Date	Results
Kimron Veterinary Institute, Israel	ovi/bov	- pathogen isolation on cell culture - ELISA(1) - PCR(2)	16 February 2006	positive

Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: introduction of new animals/animal products.

Control measures undertaken:

- quarantine;

- movement control inside the country;

- zoning;

- vaccination;

- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s);

- dipping/spraying.

Vaccination in response to the outbreaks:

First administrative division	Species	Total number of animals vaccinated	Details of the vaccine
Hebron	bov	5,000	Aftopor/Merial - O, A, Asia 1
	ovi	6,000	Aftopor/Merial - O

Treatment of affected animals: yes. Gentamycin and penicillin to prevent secondary infection.

Vaccination prohibited: no.

Final report: no.

(1) ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

(2) PCR: polymerase chain reaction

*
* *

AVIAN INFLUENZA IN AZERBAIJAN
Follow-up report No. 2 (final report)

See also: 30 March 2006, 2 March 2006

Translation of information received on 10 April 2006 from Dr Ismayil Murshud Gasanov, Head, State Veterinary Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Baku:

End of previous report period: 23 March 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [13], 268, dated 30 March 2006).

End of this report period: 10 April 2006.

Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 24 February 2006.

Date of start of the event: 22 February 2006.

By Decision of the Veterinary Administration, quarantine was lifted on 8 April 2006 in the affected area.

To date, no new case of avian influenza has been reported in Azerbaijan.

Final report: yes.

*
* *

AVIAN INFLUENZA IN THE PALESTINIAN AUTONOMOUS TERRITORIES

See also: 3 August 2006

Immediate notification report

Information received on 11 April 2006 from Dr Imad Mukarker, Deputy Director General, Veterinary Services and Animal Health, Palestinian National Authority, Nablus:

Report date: 5 April 2006.

Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 23 March 2006.

Date of start of the event: 21 March 2006.

Clinical disease: yes.

Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.

Details of outbreaks:

First administrative division	Type of epide-miolo-gical unit	Name of the location	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreaks
					susceptible	cases	deaths	destroyed	slaugh-tered
Gaza (Middle district)	farm	Johr Eldeek	21 March 2006	avi	29,000	500	500	28,500	0
	farm	Tlal Hawa	…	avi	…	…	…	…	…
Gaza (North district)	farm	Jabalia 1	…	avi	…	…	…	…	0
	farm	Jabalia 2	…	avi	...	…	…	…	…
Gaza (South district -Rafah)	farm	Alshokah	22 March 2006	avi	12,300	3,000	3,000	9,300	0
	farm	Talkrad (Sofa)	2 April 2006	avi	2,600	500	500	2,100	0
	farm	Talkrad (Sofa)	2 April 2006	avi	1,900	1,000	1,000	900	0
Gaza (South district -Khan Younis)	farm	Khan Younis	…	avi	…	…	…	…	…

Description of affected populations: chickens (layers, breeders, broilers) and ducks.

Diagnosis:

Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed	Species examined	Diagnostic tests used	Date	Results
Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, Israel	avi	- ELISA(1) - haemagglutination test - PCR(2) - virus isolation - sequence analysis	21 March - 2 April 2006	- positive for H5N1 - amino acid sequence at cleavage site reveals a HPAI profile

Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive. Contact with wild birds is suspected.

Control measures

A. Undertaken:

- stamping out;

- quarantine;

- movement control inside the country;

- screening;

- zoning;

- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s).

B. To be undertaken:

- control of wildlife reservoirs.

Treatment of affected animals: no.

Vaccination prohibited: yes.

Final report: no.

(1) ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

(2) PCR: polymerase chain reaction

*
* *

VESICULAR STOMATITIS IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Follow-up report No. 29 (final report)

See also: 28 December 2006, 7 December 2006, 23 November 2006, 16 November 2006, 2 November 2006, 26 October 2006, 19 October 2006, 12 October 2006, 5 October 2006, 28 September 2006, 21 September 2006, 14 September 2006, 7 September 2006, 31 August 2006, 24 August 2006, 16 February 2006, 26 January 2006, 12 January 2006, 23 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 18 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 21 October 2005, 14 October 2005, 7 October 2005, 30 September 2005, 23 September 2005, 16 September 2005, 2 September 2005, 26 August 2005, 19 August 2005, 5 August 2005, 29 July 2005, 15 July 2005, 8 July 2005

Information received on 11 April 2006 from Dr Peter Fernandez, Associate Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Washington, DC:

End of previous report period: 15 January 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [4], 61, dated 26 January 2006).

End of this report period: 4 April 2006.

The 2005 epizootic of vesicular stomatitis is considered ended. The occurrence of vesicular stomatitis in the United States is seasonal and largely dependent on the availability of competent vectors harboring the agent and on local geographic and climatic factors. These factors appear to determine the occurrence of future cases.

Final report: yes.

*
* *

FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN ARGENTINA
Follow-up report No. 3 (final report)

See also: 2 March 2006, 2 March 2006, 9 February 2006

Translation of information received on 12 April 2006 from Dr Jorge Nestor Amaya, President, National Agrifood Health and Quality Service (SENASA⁽¹⁾), Secretariat for Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Food, Buenos Aires:

End of previous report period: 27 February 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [9], 171, dated 2 March 2006).

End of this report period: 3 April 2006.

Identification of agent: foot and mouth disease virus serotype O.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 8 February 2006.

Date of start of the event: 5 February 2006.

Details of outbreaks: see Disease Information, 19 [9], 171, dated 2 March 2006; Disease Information, 19 [9], 169, dated 2 March 2006; and Disease Information, 19 [6], 96, dated 9 February 2006.

Control measures undertaken:

- stamping out: 4,098 cattle, 5 pigs and 533 goats/sheep in the first outbreak and 415 cattle in the second outbreak;

- quarantine;

- movement control inside the country;

- screening;

- zoning;

- vaccination;

- disinfection of infected premises/establishment;

- dipping/spraying.

Vaccination in response to the outbreaks:

First administrative division (province)	Species	Total number of animals vaccinated	Details of the vaccine
Corrientes	bov	92,671	inactivated oil vaccine (polyvalent - serotypes O, A and C)
	o/c	2,145
	sui	76

Treatment of affected animals: no.

Final report: yes. Following the disease control and eradication measures applied and the favourable results of the clinical and serological surveillance implemented in the affected area, SENASA is in a position to state that the outbreak of foot and mouth disease in the province of Corrientes has been controlled and eradicated.

(1) SENASA: Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria

*
* *

MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN THE UNITED KINGDOM/GREAT BRITAIN (IN WILDLIFE)

See also: 4 May 2006, 27 April 2006, 20 April 2006, 20 April 2006

(Date of previous outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the United Kingdom/Great Britain reported to the OIE: 1992).

Immediate notification report

Information received on 6 and 13 April 2006 from Dr Debby Reynolds, Director General for Animal Health and Welfare, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), London:

Report date: 6 April 2006.

Reason for immediate notification: re-occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country or zone/compartment following a report declaring the outbreak(s) ended.

Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 6 April 2006.

Date of start of the event: 30 March 2006.

Clinical disease: yes.

Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.

Details of outbreak:

First adminis-trative division

Lower adminis-trative division (county)

Type of epide-miolo-gical unit

Name of the location (village)

Latitude

Longitude

Date of start of the outbreak

Spe-cies

Number of animals in the outbreak

susceptible

cases

deaths

destroyed

slaugh-tered

Scotland

Fife

NA*

Anstruther

56º13'29''N

2º40'55''W

30 March 2006

fau

…

1

1

0

0

* NA: not applicable

Description of affected population: a wild whooper swan found dead at Cellardyke slipway. The swan carcase had been collected and taken to the competent authorities under current active surveillance protocols.

Diagnosis:

Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed	Species examined	Diagnostic tests used	Date	Results
VLA-Weybridge, United Kingdom (OIE/FAO Reference Laboratory for avian influenza)	fau	- real-time PCR(1) - neuraminidase inhibition test - sequence analysis	6 April 2006	- positive H5 - positive N1 - amino acid sequence at cleavage site reveals a HPAI profile

Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive - contact with wild animals.

Control measures undertaken: vaccination.

Treatment of affected animals: no.

Other details/comments:

- Prophylactic vaccination of poultry is undertaken routinely.

- Enhanced sampling of dead wild birds and domestic poultry from the protection zone and of wild birds from the surveillance zone and the "wild bird risk area" has revealed no further cases to date. The disease is not present in poultry and the United Kingdom retains its disease free status.

- Controls under decision 2006/115/EC are being implemented.

Final report: no.

(1) PCR: polymerase chain reaction

*
* *

MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN POLAND (IN WILDLIFE) (FOLLOW-UP REPORT NO. 4)

See also: 8 June 2006, 11 May 2006, 20 April 2006, 6 April 2006, 23 March 2006, 16 March 2006, 9 March 2006

Information received on 10 April 2006 from Dr Krzysztof Jazdzewski, Chief Veterinary Officer, General Veterinary Inspectorate, Warsaw:

End of previous report period: 31 March 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [14], 310, dated 6 April 2006).

End of this report period: 7 April 2006.

Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 6 March 2006.

Date of start of the event: 1 March 2006.

Clinical disease: yes.

Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.

Details of outbreaks:

First administrative division	Type of epide-miolo-gical unit	Name of the location (town)	Latitude	Longitude	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreaks
							suscep-tible	cases	deaths	des-troyed	slaugh-tered
Gorzowski	NA*	Kostrzyn	52º35'26''N	14º40'37''E	1 March 2006	fau	…	1	1	0	0
Torunski	NA	Torun	30º00'20''N	18º35'41''E	2 March 2006	fau	112	32	32	…	0
Bydgoski	NA	Bydgoszcz	53º07'N	18ºE	14 March 2006	fau	...	1	1	0	0

* NA: not applicable

Description of affected population: wild swans.

Diagnosis:

Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed	Species examined	Diagnostic tests used	Date	Results
National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy	wild swans	- RT-PCR(1) (H5) - RT-PCR (N1)	31 March - 7 April 2006	positive

Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.

Control measures undertaken:

- movement control inside the country;

- screening;

- zoning;

- disinfection;

- dipping/spraying.

Treatment of affected animals: no.

Vaccination prohibited: yes.

Other details/comments: In the outbreak of Torun, all the wild swans were captured and held in a cage as they were suspected of being infected. Because of the threat of spread, it was decided to destroy all swans suspected of being infected; the swans that were found not to be infected were released.

Final report: no.

(1) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction

*
* *

MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN THE CZECH (REPUBLIC ~) (IN WILDLIFE) (FOLLOW-UP REPORT NO. 1)

See also: 22 June 2006, 1 June 2006, 11 May 2006, 27 April 2006, 30 March 2006

Information received on 10 April 2006 from Dr Josef Vitásek, Director of Department for Protection of Health and Animal Welfare, State Veterinary Administration, Ministry of Agriculture, Prague:

End of previous report period: 29 March 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [13], 286, dated 30 March 2006).

End of this report period: 10 April 2006.

Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 27 March 2006.

Date of start of the event: 20 March 2006.

Clinical disease: yes.

Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.

New outbreaks:

First administrative division	Lower administrative division	Type of epide-miolo-gical unit	Name of the location	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreaks
						susceptible	cases	deaths	destroyed	slaugh-tered
Southern Bohemia	Ceské Budejovice	NA*	Hluboká nad Vltavou	20 March 2006	fau	…	1	1	0	0
Southern Bohemia	Ceské Budejovice	NA	Ceské Budejovice	25 March 2006	fau	…	6	6	0	0
Southern Bohemia	Ceské Budejovice	NA	Týn nad Vltavou	4 April 2006	fau	…	1	1	0	0
Southern Bohemia	Jindrichuv Hradec	NA	Mirochov	4 April 2006	fau	…	1	1	0	0

* NA: not applicable

Description of affected population: wild swans (Cygnus olor) found dead.

Diagnosis:

Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed	Species examined	Diagnostic tests used	Date	Results
State Veterinary Institute, National Reference Laboratory for avian influenza, Prague	Cygnus olor	- RT-PCR(1) - sequence analysis	29 March - 7 April 2006	positive for H5
VLA Weybridge, United Kingdom (OIE/FAO Reference Laboratory for avian influenza)	Cygnus olor (Hluboká nad Vltavou and Ceské Budejovice)	- neuraminidase typing - RT-PCR - sequence analysis	1 April 2006	- positive for H5N1 - amino acid sequence at cleavage site reveals a HPAI profile

Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: contact with wild birds.

Control measures undertaken:

- control of wildlife reservoirs;

- movement control inside the country;

- screening;

- zoning.

Treatment of affected animals: no.

Vaccination prohibited: yes.

Other details/comments:

The dead swans were being tested within the framework of the national surveillance programme. The National Authority immediately imposed all the measures contained in European Commission decision 2006/115/EC.

A total of 1,760 samples of wild birds found dead were tested between 1 January and 9 April 2006.

Final report: no.

(1) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction

*
* *

MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN SWITZERLAND (IN WILDLIFE) (FOLLOW-UP REPORT NO. 3)

See also: 15 June 2006, 8 June 2006, 1 June 2006, 25 May 2006, 18 May 2006, 11 May 2006, 4 May 2006, 27 April 2006, 6 April 2006, 16 March 2006, 2 March 2006

Information received on 11 April 2006 from Dr Hans Wyss, Director of the Federal Veterinary Office, Bern:

End of previous report period: 3 April 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [14], 313, dated 6 April 2006).

End of this report period: 10 April 2006.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 26 February 2006.

Date of start of the event: 26 February 2006.

To date, no new positive case of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 has been reported in wildlife in Switzerland.

Final report: no.

*
* *

MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN DENMARK (IN WILDLIFE) (FOLLOW-UP REPORT NO. 3)

See also: 6 July 2006, 1 June 2006, 4 May 2006, 6 April 2006, 30 March 2006, 16 March 2006

Information received on 12 April 2006 from Dr Preben Willeberg, Chief Veterinary Officer, Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Søborg:

End of previous report period: 5 April 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [14], 314, dated 6 April 2006).

End of this report period: 12 April 2006.

Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 14 March 2006.

Date of start of the event: 12 March 2006.

Clinical disease: yes.

Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.

Details of outbreaks:

First administrative division (county)	Name of the location (town)	Latitude	Longitude	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreaks
						suscep-tible	cases	deaths	des-troyed	slaugh-tered
Fredriksborg	Hornbæk	56º04’12’’N	12º24’51’’E	4 April 2006	fau	…	1	1	0	0
Fredriksborg	Skibby	55º44’13’’N	11º59’32’’E	6 April 2006	fau	…	1	1	0	0
Funen	Ullerslev	55º22’32’’N	10º38’26’’E	4 April 2006	fau	…	1	1	0	0
Storstroem	Nysted	54º40’02’’N	11º44’32’’E	1 April 2006	fau	…	1	1	0	0
Storstroem	Præstø	55º04’46’’N	12º07’20’’E	6 April 2006	fau	…	1	1	0	0

Description of affected population:

- Outbreaks in Fredriksborg: a common buzzard (Buteo buteo) and a mute swan (Cygnus olor).

- Outbreak in Funen: a common buzzard (Buteo buteo).

- Outbreaks in Storstroem: 2 whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus).

Diagnosis:

Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed	Species examined	Diagnostic tests used	Date	Results
Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research	fau	- RT-PCR(1) - sequence analysis	6-10 April 2006	- positive for H5 - amino acid sequence at cleavage site reveals a HPAI profile

Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.

Control measures undertaken:

- movement control inside the country;

- screening;

- zoning.

Treatment of affected animals: no.

Vaccination prohibited: yes.

Other details/comments:

- The protection and surveillance zones have been established in accordance with European Union legislation (European Commission Decision 2006/115/EC). All poultry within the zones must be kept inside and all poultry holdings - including hobby holdings - must be registered. The Danish Veterinary and Food Administration will inspect all poultry holdings in the protection zones in order to look for possible further spread of avian influenza. Restrictions on movement of eggs and poultry have been imposed within the zones. All hunting within the zones is also prohibited.

- The latest news about avian influenza detected in wild birds in Denmark (including maps of the established protection and surveillance zones) can be accessed on the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration’s website:

http://www.uk.foedevarestyrelsen.dk/AnimalHealth/Avian_influenza/Latest_news/forside.htm

Final report: no.

(1) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction

*
* *

MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN CROATIA (IN WILDLIFE) (FOLLOW-UP REPORT NO. 9)

See also: 2 November 2006, 16 March 2006, 2 March 2006, 23 February 2006

Information received on 12 April 2006 from Dr Mate Brstilo, Director of the Veterinary Administration, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Zagreb:

End of previous report period: 14 March 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [11], 237, dated 16 March 2006).

End of this report period: 11 April 2006.

Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus subtype H5N1.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 21 February 2006.

Date of start of the event: 15 February 2006.

Clinical disease: yes.

Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.

New outbreak:

First administrative division	Lower administrative division	Type of epide-miolo-gical unit	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreak
					susceptible	cases	deaths	destroyed	slaugh-tered
City of Zagreb	Novi Zagreb	NA*	28 March 2006	fau	…	1	1	0	0

* NA: not applicable

Affected population in the new outbreak: samples were taken from a dead swan found at the construction site of the new University Hospital, near the river Sava, and sent to the Poultry Centre of the Croatian Veterinary Institute in Zagreb for analysis. Laboratory testing revealed that samples were positive for HPAI virus subtype H5N1.

Diagnosis:

Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed	Species examined	Diagnostic tests used	Date	Results
Poultry Centre of the Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb	fau	haemagglutination test	5 April 2006	positive
		RT-PCR(1)	10 April 2006	positive

Origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive; seasonal migration of wild birds (swans).

Control measures undertaken:

- control of wildlife reservoirs;

- quarantine;

- movement control inside the country;

- screening;

- zoning;

- disinfection of infected areas.

Treatment of affected animals: no.

Vaccination prohibited: yes.

Final report: no.

(1) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction

*
* *

MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN GERMANY (IN WILDLIFE) (FOLLOW-UP REPORT NO. 4)

See also: 21 September 2006, 10 August 2006, 25 May 2006, 18 May 2006, 6 April 2006, 30 March 2006, 16 March 2006, 23 February 2006

Information received on 12 April 2006 from Prof. Dr. Werner Zwingmann, Chief Veterinary Officer, Ministry of Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture, Bonn:

End of previous report period: 31 March 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [14], 306, dated 6 April 2006).

End of this report period: 11 April 2006.

Identification of agent: avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 14 February 2006.

Date of start of the event: 8 February 2006.

Clinical disease: yes.

Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.

New outbreaks:

First administrative division (land)	Lower administrative division	Date of start of the outbreak	Cases	Taxonomic category
Brandenburg	Barnim	7 April 2006	1	Falconiformes
	Oder-Spree	11 April 2006	1	Anserini
	Uckermark	14 March 2006	3	Cygnini
	Uckermark	16 March 2006	1	Cygnini
	Uckermark	21 March 2006	2	Cygnini, Falconiformes
Baden Württemberg	Mannheim, Stadt	31 March 2006	1	Fulica atra
Bavaria	Ansbach	31 March 2006	1	Cygnini
	Ansbach	3 April 2006	3	Cygnini
	Lindau-Bodensee	31 March 2006	3	Falconiformes, Anatinae
	Lindau-Bodensee	6 April 2006	1	Anatinae
	Neustadt a.d. Aisch	31 March 2006	1	Cygnini
	Neustadt a.d. Aisch	3 April 2006	1	Cygnini
	Passau, Stadt	6 April 2006	1	Anatinae
	Straubing, Stadt	30 March 2006	1	Cygnini
Berlin	Berlin, Stadt	31 March 2006	1	Falconiformes
Lower Saxony	Cuxhaven	3 April 2006	1	Laridae
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania	Bad Doberan	17 March 2006	1	Falconiformes
	Ostvorpommern	4 April 2006	6	Cygnini
	Rostock	30 March 2006	1	Anatinae
	Rügen	4 April 2006	1	Cygnini
	Rügen	6 April 2006	6	Cygnini
	Stralsund, Stadt	4 April 2006	2	Cygnini
Schleswig-Holstein	Ostholstein	3 April 2006	1	Anserini
	Plön	7 April 2006	1	Falconiformes
	Rendsburg-Eckernförde	31 March 2006	1	Falconiformes

Diagnosis:

Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed	Diagnostic tests used	Results
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, OIE Reference Laboratory, Insel Riems	PCR(1) (M, H5, H7, N1 genes)	positive for H5N1

Source of new outbreaks: unknown or inconclusive.

Control measures undertaken:

- control of wildlife reservoirs;

- movement control inside the country;

- screening;

- zoning.

Treatment of affected animals: no.

Vaccination prohibited: yes.

Final report: no.

(1) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction

*
* *

[top]

http://www.oie.int/

Copyright © 2004 OIE
World Animal Health Organisation