[top]Disease Information
16 March 2006
Vol. 19 - No. 11Contents
AVIAN INFLUENZA IN INDIA
Follow-up report No. 2See also: 17 August 2006, 8 June 2006, 2 March 2006, 23 February 2006
Information received on 8 March 2006 from Mr P.M.A. Hakeem, Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, New Delhi:
End of previous report period: 23 February 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [9], 158, dated 2 March 2006).
End of this report period: 8 March 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 18 February 2006.
Date of start of the event: 27 January 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: post-mortem and laboratory.
Updated data for outbreak reported in follow-up report No. 1:
First administrative division (State) Lower administrative division (district) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Maharashtra Nandurbar village Navapur 27 Jan 2006 avi … … … … 318,053 Details of new outbreak:
First administrative division (State) Lower administrative division (district) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Gujarat Surat village Uchchal 27 Jan 2006 avi … … … … 90,011 Affected population: poultry.
Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures undertaken:
- movement of goods to and from the affected area has been banned,
- stamping out, applied both to backyard and commercial poultry, has been completed within the entire 10-km radius zone around infected premises and not solely within the established 3-km infected zone;
- disinfection and cleaning up of infected premises,
- vaccination was not resorted to although it was considered initially.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Other details/comments:
- To date, no further cases of avian influenza have been reported from this area or from any other part of the country.
- More specimens, collected during stamping out, have been referred to the diagnostic laboratory.
- Although falling under two different administrative divisions (States), the episode is considered as one single outbreak as the infected zone in both administrative divisions falls within a 3-km radius of the infected premises.
- Compensation is being paid to poultry owners whose birds were destroyed in containment operations.
- To date no human case of AI has been detected.
Final report: no.
*
* *BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY IN SWEDEN
(Disease never reported before in Sweden).
Immediate notification report
Information received on 8 March 2006 from Dr Leif Denneberg, Chief Veterinary Officer, Swedish Board of Agriculture, Jönköping:
Report date: 8 March 2006.
Reason for immediate notification: first occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 3 March 2006.
Date of start of the event: 9 December 2005.
Clinical disease: no.
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory.
Details of outbreak:
First administrative division (county) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Latitude Longitude Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destro-yed slaugh-tered Västmanland farm Hallstaberg 1 Västerås 59º39N232' 16º47E232' 9 Dec 2005 bov 50 1 … … … Description of affected population: one crossbred beef cow born in 1994. The herd consists of 50 animals (beef cows and their calves).
Diagnosis:
Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala bov - Biorad TeSeE Elisa rapid test;
- Western blot;
- immunostained sections.
3 Feb 2006 positive OIE Reference Laboratory, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA), Weybridge, United Kingdom bov - OIE Western blot;
- VLA hybrid Western blot;
- review of SVA immunostained sections.
3 March 2006 positive Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures undertaken: modified stamping out
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Other details/comments:
- The cow was culled due to problems with its hind limbs after milk fever and was sent for destruction.
- Samples were taken at the rendering plant as part of the BSE surveillance scheme. As soon as the suspicion was raised due to the positive rapid test, the herd was put under restrictions.
- Identification of risk animals and an investigation regarding feeding are being performed as stated in the relevant European Union legislation.
- Risk animals will be culled, tested and destroyed.
Final report: no.
*
* *HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN UKRAINE
Follow-up report No. 11See also: 28 September 2006, 13 July 2006, 29 June 2006, 22 June 2006, 23 February 2006, 9 February 2006, 2 February 2006, 26 January 2006, 19 January 2006, 12 January 2006, 5 January 2006, 30 December 2005, 30 December 2005, 16 December 2005, 9 December 2005
Information received on 10 and 11 March 2006 from Dr Ivan Yuriyovych Bisyuk, Head, State Department for Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agricultural Policy, Kiev:
End of previous report period: 22 February 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [8], 138, dated 23 February 2006).
End of this report period: 10 March 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 2 December 2005.
Date of start of the event: 25 November 2005.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.
New outbreak:
First administrative division Lower administrative division Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Odessa Odessa zoo Odessa zoo 17 Feb. 2006 avi/fau 545 24 24 0 0 The following categories of birds were affected: cormorant, pochard, pigeon, owl, falcon, scops owl, pheasant, kestrel, chicken, peacock, Nile goose, brent goose, swans, pelican and domestic goose.
Diagnosis:
Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Central state laboratory of veterinary medicine, Kiev avi/fau PCR(1) 24 Feb. 2006 positive for H5 HI(2) 24 Feb. 2006 positive for H5 VLA Weybridge (United Kingdom) (OIE Reference Laboratory) avi/fau RT-PCR(3) (M, H5 and N1 genes) 11 March 2006 positive for H5N1 sequence analysis 11 March 2006 amino acid sequence at cleavage site indicates a highly pathogenic avian influenza profile. Origin of infection: contact with wild birds.
Control measures undertaken:
- control of wildlife reservoirs;
- stamping out;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s).
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Other details/comments: since 12 February 2006, Odessa Zoo has been closed to visitors.
Final report: no.
(1) PCR: polymerase chain reaction
(2) HI: haemagglutination inhibition test
(3) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
*
* *AVIAN INFLUENZA IN CAMEROON
(Highly pathogenic avian influenza has never been reported before in Cameroon).
Immediate notification report
Translation of information received on 12 March 2006 from Dr Hamadou Saïdou, Director of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries, Yaounde:
Report date: 12 March 2006.
Reason for immediate notification: first occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 11 March 2006.
Date of start of the event: 21 February 2006.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
Details of outbreak:
First administrative division (province) Lower administrative division (department) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cie Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Northernmost Diamaré village Maroua (Doualaré area) 21 Feb. 2006 avi 58 50 50 8 0 Description of affected population: three domestic duck farms.
Diagnosis:
Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Pasteur centre, Yaounde avi … 2 March 2006 positive State veterinary laboratory (LANAVET), Garoua avi … 6 March 2006 positive Pasteur Institute Laboratory, Paris avi - PCR(1) (genes H5 and N1);
- sequence analysis.
… - positive for H5N1;
- highly pathogenic.OIE Reference Laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Padova, Italy avi - PCR (genes H5 and N1);
- sequence analysis.
… pending Control measures undertaken:
- stamping out and destruction of birds by incineration;
- epidemiological survey to determine the origin of infection;
- formal ban on the movement of birds and poultry products in Maroua city;
- closure of all live bird markets and avian products markets in Maroua city;
- active surveillance of all poultry farms in Maroua city and nearby areas;
- screening;
- disinfection of infected premises and material.
(1) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
*
* *AVIAN INFLUENZA IN ROMANIA
Follow-up report No. 21See also: 21 December 2006, 15 June 2006, 8 June 2006, 25 May 2006, 18 May 2006, 4 May 2006, 30 March 2006, 23 March 2006, 9 March 2006
Information received on 13 and 14 March 2006 from Dr Gabriel Predoi, Director General, National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority, Bucharest:
End of previous report period: 6 March 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [10], 194, dated 9 March 2006).
End of this report period: 14 March 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 7 October 2005.
Date of start of the event: October 2005.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
New outbreaks:
First administrative division (county) Lower administrative division (district) Name of the location (village) Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the outbreaks suscepti-ble cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Constanta Harsova Harsova 7 March 2006 avi 40 40 6 34 0 Constanta Seimenii Mici Seimenii Mici 7 March 2006 avi 32 32 5 27 0 Ialomita Bordusani Bordusani 11 March 2006 avi 31 31 13 18 0 Constanta Cernavoda Cernavoda 11 March 2006 avi 30 30 12 18 0 Constanta Eforie Nord zone of the beach between towns 6 March 2006 fau 1 1 1 0 0 Olt Nicolae close to police station 2 March 2006 fau 1 1 1 0 0 Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Outbreak Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Institute for Diagnostic and Animal Health (national reference laboratory) Harsova hens - rapid detection test;
- RT-PCR;
- virus isolation.
10 March 2006 positive for H5 Institute for Diagnostic and Animal Health (national reference laboratory) Seimenii Mici hens - RT-PCR;
- virus isolation.
9 March 2006 positive for H5 Source of outbreaks: contact with infected animal(s) at grazing/watering; contact with wild animals.
Control measures
A. Undertaken:
- stamping out;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country applied to people, poultry, products, food, etc;
- screening;
- zoning;
- disinfection of backyard premises.
B. To be undertaken:
- control of wildlife reservoirs.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: no.
Other details/comments: Corpses were destroyed by burning and burying.
Final report: no.
*
* *CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER IN BULGARIA
Follow-up report No. 1See also: 10 August 2006, 9 February 2006
Information received on 13 March 2006 from Dr Nikola T. Belev, Delegate of Bulgaria to the OIE:
End of previous report period: 7 February 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [6], 95, dated 9 February 2006).
End of this report period: 10 March 2006.
Precise identification of agent: classical swine fever virus.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 7 February 2006.
Date of start of the event: 3 February 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.
Details of new outbreak:
First administrative division Lower administrative division Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Yambol Elhovo farm Elhovo 8 March 2006 sui 62 6 6 56 0 Description of affected population: backyard pigs.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results National Diagnostic Research Veterinary Medical Institute, Sofia sui - ELISA(1);
- direct immunofluorescence.
9 March 2006 positive Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures undertaken:
- control of wildlife reservoirs;
- stamping out;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- disinfection.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Final report: no.
(1) ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
*
* *AVIAN INFLUENZA IN ALBANIA
Follow-up report No. 1See also: 2 November 2006, 30 March 2006, 9 March 2006
Information received on 11 March 2006 from Dr Lefter Klimi, Director of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Protection, Tirana:
End of previous report period: 7 March 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [10], 202, dated 9 March 2006).
End of this report period: 10 March 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 7 March 2006.
Date of start of the event: 16 February 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: suspicion, clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.
Details of new outbreak:
First administrative division (State) Lower administrative division (county) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Vlore Sarande village Aliko 16 February 2006 avi 1,878 63 60 1,818 0 Affected population: backyard poultry flocks including chicken and some turkey.
Diagnosis:
Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Veterinary Research Institute in Tirana chicken - haemagglutination inhibition test
23 Feb. 2006 positive for H5 OIE Reference Laboratory in Weybridge, United Kingdom chicken RT-PCR 7 Mar. 2006 positive for H5N1 Source of outbreak or origin of infection: contact with wild animals.
Control measures undertaken:
- control of wildlife reservoirs;
- stamping out;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s);
- dipping/spraying.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Other details/comments:
- All the susceptible poultry (hens, chickens and turkeys) in the outbreak have been destroyed; a 3-km-radius quarantine zone and a 10-km-radius surveillance zone have been set up around the outbreak.
- The owners are being compensated by the governement for all the poultry destroyed.
Final report: no.
*
* *AVIAN INFLUENZA IN MYANMAR
See also: 7 September 2006, 27 April 2006, 23 March 2006
(Date of previous outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Myanmar reported to the OIE: 1996).
Immediate notification report
Information received on 13 March 2006 from Dr U Maung Maung Nyunt, Director General, Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Yangon:
Report date: 12 March 2006.
Reason for immediate notification: re-occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country following a report declaring the outbreak(s) ended.
Identification of the agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 9 March 2006.
Date of start of the event: 8 March 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.
Details of outbreak:
First administrative division (division) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location (township) Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Mandalay village Aung Myae Thar Zan 9 March 2006 avi 780 113 112 668 … Diagnosis:
Laborator where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results - Regional Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Mandalay
- Central Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Yangon
avi -- rapid test;
- haemagglutination;
-- haemagglutination inhibition;
- virus isolation;
- PCR.
9-12 March 2006 positive for H5N1 Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown.
Control measures undertaken:
modified stamping out;
quarantine;
movement control inside the country;
zoning.
Final report: no.
*
* *BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(Date of previous outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United States of America reported to the OIE: November 2004 and confirmed: June 2005).
Immediate notification report
Information received on 15 March 2006 from Dr Peter Fernandez, Associate Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Washington, DC:
Report date: 13 March 2006.
Reason for immediate notification: re-occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country following a report declaring the outbreak(s) ended.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 13 March 2006.
Date of start of the event: 27 February 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
Details of outbreak:
First administrative division (State) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Alabama farm 27 Feb. 2006 bov 50 1 0 1 0 Description of affected population: a beef cow (aged at least 10 years) in a herd of approximately 50 beef cows and calves.
Diagnosis: the affected cow was examined and then culled because it was a non-ambulatory animal.
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results National Veterinary Services Laboratory, Ames, Iowa bov Western blot 11 March 2006 positive immunohistochemistry pending Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures undertaken: quarantine.
Other details/comments:
- This is the second confirmed case of indigenous bovine spongiform encephalopathy to be reported in the United States of America.
- The animal was culled, sampled, buried on the farm, and did not enter the animal and human food chains.
- Federal and Alabama State animal health officials are currently conducting an epidemiological investigation to gather further information on the herd of origin.
- Federal officials are also working to determine if there is any relevant feed history associated with this case.
Final report: no.
*
* *AVIAN INFLUENZA IN NIGERIA
Follow-up report No. 4See also: 6 April 2006, 9 March 2006, 9 March 2006, 23 February 2006, 9 February 2006
Information received on 15 March 2006 from Dr Junaidu A. Maina, Acting Director, Department of Livestock and Pest Control Services, Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Abuja:
End of previous report period: 5 March 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [10], 190, dated 9 March 2006).
End of this report period: 15 March 2006.
Precise identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 7 February 2006.
Date of start of the event: 10 January 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
Details of new outbreaks:
First administrative division (State) Lower adminis-trative division (LGA*) Type of epidemiolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of the start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak suscep-tibles ca-ses deaths des-tro-yed slaughte-red Bauchi Katagum farm Azare 1 Mar 2006 avi 126 … 123 3 0 Jigawa Hadejia village Gayawa Mallam 27 Feb 2006 avi … … 9,020 … … Kaduna Sabon Gari farm Amole Zango farms 28 Feb 2006 avi 2,540 … … … … Kaduna Igabi farm Mando 8 Mar 2006 avi … … … … … Kano Kumbotso farm Sarauniya 27 Feb 2006 avi 22,276 … … … … Kano Nasarawa farm L and Z Farm 3 Mar 2006 avi 6,000 … 22 … … Katsina Daura village Dargage 3 Mar 2006 avi 3,000 Katsina Kankara farm Yargoje 5 Mar 2006 avi 44 … … … … Lagos Agege farm Isoko 10 Mar 2006 avi … … … … … Lagos Agege farm Sabwale farms 10 Mar 2006 avi 18,000 … … … … Ogun Ifo farm Onibudu 18 Jan 2006 avi 135,000 … 94,000 … … Plateau Jos South village Vom 3 Mar 2006 fau … 1 0 1 0 * LGA: Local Government Area
Description of affected populations:
- At Gayawa Mallam village in Jigawa State and at Dargage village in Katsina State, the affected animals were free-range local birds.
- At Vom (Jos South, Plateau State), the case was in a wild vulture.
- The rest of the affected farms are commercial and backyard poultry layer production units in towns.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria poultry - haemagglutination test;
- agar gel immunodiffusion test;
- virus isolation;
- RT-PCR.
6-13 March 2006 positive Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures
A. Undertaken:
- modified stamping out;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- zoning;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishments.
B. To be undertaken:
- control of wildlife reservoirs.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Other details/comments: the national emergency plan has been activated and modified stamping out involving the destruction of all affected and in-contact birds is being carried out at all affected locations. Payment of compensation by Government to farmers for birds destroyed has commenced.
Final report: no.
*
* *FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN BRAZIL
Follow-up report No. 18See also: 26 October 2006, 14 September 2006, 27 July 2006, 22 June 2006, 1 June 2006, 25 May 2006, 27 April 2006, 20 April 2006, 6 April 2006, 23 February 2006, 2 February 2006, 19 January 2006, 12 January 2006, 23 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 2 December 2005, 18 November 2005, 18 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 28 October 2005, 28 October 2005, 21 October 2005, 21 October 2005, 14 October 2005, 14 October 2005
Translation of information received on 15 March 2006 from Dr Jorge Caetano Junior, Director, Department of Animal Protection (DDA), Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Brasilia:
End of previous report period: 19 February 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [8], 134, dated 23 February 2006).
End of this report period: 15 March 2006.
Precise identification of agent: foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus serotype O.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 8 October 2005.
Date of start of the event: 26 September 2005.
Other details/comments:
- In the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, stamping out in the outbreaks has been completed: a total of 33,741 susceptible animals have been slaughtered (32,549 cattle, 566 pigs and 626 small ruminants).
Depopulation has finished in all establishments where stamping out has been carried out and sentinel animals have begun to be introduced.
Compensation payments total 18,556,070.97 Brazilian reals.
- In the State of Paraná, stamping out in the outbreaks has begun.
Final report: no.
*
* *AVIAN INFLUENZA IN SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
See also: 23 November 2006
Immediate notification report
Information received on 15 March 2006 from Dr Dejan Krnjaic, Chief Veterinary Officer, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management, Belgrade:
Report date: 15 March 2006.
Identification of agent: avian influenza virus subtype H5.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 13 March 2006.
Date of start of the event: 9 March 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.
Details of outbreak:
First administra-tive division (county) Lower administra-tive division (municipality) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak suscep-tible cases deaths destro-yed slaugh-tered Zlatiborski Bajina Basta village Bajina Basta, near Drina river 9 March 2006 avi 23 1 1 22 0 Description of affected population: chicken, the case was a rooster.
On 4 March 2006, a dead swan (Cygnus olor) was found in the river Drina near Bacevci village at the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina and the presence of avian influenza was confirmed.
Epidemiological investigations were conducted in the area and all holdings were identified. Documented visits of holdings and clinical inspection of poultry led to discover this outbreak.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Veterinary Institute, Kraljevo Gallus domestica - haemagglutination;
- haemagglutination inhibition;
- virus isolation.
13 March 2006 positive for H5 Source of outbreak or origin of infection: contact with wild animals.
Control measures undertaken:
- control of wildlife reservoirs;
- stamping out;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s).
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Other details/comments:
Besides culling of poultry on the infected holding, stamping out was carried out on all holdings in the suburban area of Bajina Basta (32 holdings, 371 hens and roosters, 186 chickens and 4 ducks).
Final report: no.
*
* *MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN GERMANY (IN WILDLIFE) (Follow-up report No. 1)
See also: 21 September 2006, 10 August 2006, 25 May 2006, 18 May 2006, 13 April 2006, 6 April 2006, 30 March 2006, 23 February 2006
Information received on 10 March 2006 from Prof. Dr. Werner Zwingmann, Chief Veterinary Officer, Ministry of Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture, Bonn:
End of previous report period: 16 February 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [8], 144, dated 23 February 2006).
End of this report period: 9 March 2006.
Identification of agent: avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 14 February 2006.
Date of start of the event: 8 February 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Diagnostic tests used Results Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, OIE Reference Laboratory, Insel Riems PCR (M, H5, H7, N1 genes) positive for H5N1 Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures undertaken:
- control of wildlife reservoirs;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Final report: no.
*
* *MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN POLAND (IN WILDLIFE) (FOLLOW-UP REPORT NO. 1)
See also: 8 June 2006, 11 May 2006, 20 April 2006, 13 April 2006, 6 April 2006, 23 March 2006, 9 March 2006
Information received on 10 and 13 March 2006 from Dr Krzysztof Jazdzewski, Chief Veterinary Officer, General Veterinary Inspectorate, Warsaw:
End of previous report period: 8 March 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [10], 211, dated 9 March 2006).
End of this report period: 13 March 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 6 March 2006.
Date of start of the event: 2 March 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
New outbreaks:
First administrative division Lower administrative division Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Gorzowski NA* Kostrzyn 1 March 2006 fau … 1 1 0 0 Swinoujscie NA Swinoujscie 2 March 2006 fau … 1 1 0 0 Torunski Torun NA Torun 2 March 2006 fau … 1 1 0 0 * NA: not applicable
Description of affected population:
- Torunski and Gorzowski: wild swans;
- Swinoujscie: goosander (Mergus merganser).
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy wild swans and common merganser - RT-PCR(1) (H5)
- RT-PCR (N1)
- virus isolation
6-13 March 2006 positive Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures undertaken:
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Final report: no.
(1) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
*
* *MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN FRANCE (IN WILDLIFE) (FOLLOW-UP REPORT NO. 3)
See also: 1 June 2006, 4 May 2006, 6 April 2006, 9 March 2006, 2 March 2006, 23 February 2006
Translation of information received on 14 March 2006 from Dr Monique Eloit, Deputy Director General, General Directorate for Food (DGAL), Ministry of Agriculture, Food, Fisheries and Rural Affairs, Paris:
End of previous report period: 3 March 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [10], 210, dated 9 March 2006).
End of this report period: 13 March 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 17 February 2006.
Date of start of the event: 13 February 2006.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.
New outbreaks:
First administrative division (department) Lower administrative division (district) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Ain Birieux NA Birieux 8 March 2006 fau … 1 1 0 0 Ain Marlieux NA Marlieux 3 March. 2006 fau … 3 3 0 0 Ain Prévessin-Moëns NA Prévessin-Moëns 28 Feb. 2006 fau … 1 1 0 0 Ain Saint Marcel en Dombes NA* Saint Marcel en Dombes 28 Feb. 2006 fau … 1 1 0 0 Ain Saint Marcel en Dombes NA Saint Marcel en Dombes 2 March 2006 fau … 1 1 0 0 Ain Saint-Mitre-les-Remparts NA Saint-Mitre-les-Remparts 28 Feb. 2006 fau … 1 1 0 0 Ain Villars les Dombes NA Villars les Dombes 6 March 2006 fau … 2 2 0 0 * NA: not applicable
Affected population:
- Outbreaks in Birieux and Villars les Dombes: mute swans (Cygnus olor).
- Outbreaks in Marlieux and Saint-Mitre-les-Remparts: swans.
- Outbreak in Prévessin-Moëns: a tufted duck.
- Outbreak in Saint Marcel en Dombes: a buzzard and a barnacle goose.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results AFSSA, Ploufragan (national reference laboratory) 5 swans,
2 mute swans,
1 tufted duck,
1 barnacle goose,
1 buzzard.
RNA sequencing 4 to 12 March 2006 positive for H5N1 Origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures undertaken:
- control of wildlife reservoirs;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning.
Other details/comments:
Typing of the virus indicates that it is very similar to virus A/Chicken/Tula/10/2005(H5N1), A/Bar Headed Goose/Qinghai/65/05 (H5N1), and also to A/common pochard/France/0667/2006(H5N1), the virus typed in the first case in wildlife (wild duck) in France, detected at Joyeux, Ain department (see immediate notification report).
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Final report: no.
*
* *MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN SWITZERLAND (IN WILDLIFE) (FOLLOW-UP REPORT NO. 1)
See also: 15 June 2006, 8 June 2006, 1 June 2006, 25 May 2006, 18 May 2006, 11 May 2006, 4 May 2006, 27 April 2006, 13 April 2006, 6 April 2006, 2 March 2006
Information received on 14 March 2006 from Dr Hans Wyss, Director of the Federal Veterinary Office, Bern:
End of previous report period: 26 February 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [9], 185, dated 2 March 2006).
End of this report period: 14 March 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 26 February 2006.
Date of start of the event: 26 February 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
New outbreaks:
First administrative division (canton) Type of epidemio-logical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Thurgau NA* Steckorn 2 March 2006 fau … 1 1 0 0 Zurich NA Feuerthalen 2 March 2006 fau … 1 1 0 0 *NA: not applicable
Description of affected population: one tufted duck and one common coot.
Diagnosis:
Laboratories where diagnosis was made Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results National Reference Centre for Diseases of Poultry and Rabbits, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Reference Lab) tufted duck,
common coot
RT-PCR(1) (gene H5) 2 March 2006 positive for H5 European Union reference laboratory, Weybridge, United Kingdom tufted duck,
common coot
- RT-PCR (genes H5 and M);
11 March 2006 - positive for H5N1;
- amino acid sequence at cleavage site indicates a highly pathogenic avian influenza profile.
Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures undertaken:
- control of wildlife reservoirs;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Other details/comments:
- The cases were detected as part of a national monitoring programme for avian influenza in wild birds.
- Since the beginning of the event, a total of 3 wild ducks have been identified as positive for H5N1.
- There are currently eight more cases (wild birds) positive for H5 under investigation and we are awaiting the results of the confirmatory tests (Weybridge).
Final report: no.
(1) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
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* *MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO (IN WILDLIFE) (FOLLOW-UP REPORT NO. 1)
See also: 23 November 2006, 9 March 2006
Information received on 14 March 2006 from Dr Dejan Krnjaic, Chief Veterinary Officer, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management, Belgrade:
End of previous report period: 2 March 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [10], 206, dated 2 March 2006).
End of this report period: 13 March 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 1 March 2006.
Date of start of the event: 28 February 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: post-mortem and laboratory.
Updated data for outbreak reported in immediate notification report:
First administrative division Lower administrative division Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Severno Backi Sombor NA* Backi Monostor 28 Feb. 2006 fau 17 9 9 0 0 Details of new outbreak:
First administrative division Lower administrative division Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Zlatiborski Bajina Basta NA Bacevci 4 March 2006 fau 1 1 1 0 0 * NA: not applicable
Description of affected population:
Backi Monostor: a total of 17 dead mute swans (Cygnus olor) have been found since the start of the event. Two samples were inappropriate for testing. Of fifteen swans tested, nine were positive for H5N1 avian influenza virus.
Bacevci: on 4 March 2006, a local citizen found a dead mute swan in the river Drina at the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina. The veterinary authority collected the swan and immediately sent it to the national reference laboratory, where the H5N1 virus was isolated.
Diagnosis:
Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Specialised Veterinary Institute, Kraljevo Cygnus olor - virus isolation;
- haemagglutination test;
- haemagglutination inhibition test.
4 March 2006 positive for virus subtype H5 Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom, European Union/OIE Reference Laboratory for avian influenza Cygnus olor - PCR for M, H5 and N1 genes
- sequence analysis
8 - 10 March 2006 -positive for H5N1;
Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures undertaken:
- control of wildlife reservoirs;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Other details/comments:
The Veterinary Directorate has implemented the following measures:
- keeping of poultry, birds and feathered game indoors or in fenced and enclosed areas in order to prevent any contact with wild birds and other animals throughout the country;
- ban on hunting water fowl;
- movement control at borders;
- ban of import of live birds, poultry hatching eggs and products of poultry from avian influenza infected countries and countries where the disease is suspected;
- strict biosecurity measures have been applied to all poultry farms, holdings, establishments with captive birds, pet shops and especially to backyard flocks kept in villages throughout whole country;
- in cooperation with hunters and bird-watchers, an active disease monitoring programme of wild bird populations, particularly water fowl, has been implemented.
- a continuous awareness campaign is in progress.
In both affected regions, the Veterinary Directorate has established a protection zone (with a radius of at least 3 km around the outbreak) and a surveillance zone (with a radius of at least 10 km around the outbreak) and fully implemented the measures contained in national legislation and in accordance with OIE/FAO/European Community recommendations.
Final report: no.
*
* *MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN CROATIA (IN WILDLIFE) (FOLLOW-UP REPORT NO. 8)
See also: 2 November 2006, 13 April 2006, 2 March 2006, 23 February 2006
Information received on 14 March 2006 from Dr Mate Brstilo, Director of the Veterinary Administration, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Zagreb:
End of previous report period: 23 February 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [9], 182, dated 2 March 2006).
End of this report period: 14 March 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 21 February 2006.
Date of start of the event: 15 February 2006.
Clinical disease: no.
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory.
New outbreaks:
First administrative division (county) Lower administrative division Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Splitsko-Dalmatinska Trogir NA* Pantana 21 Feb. 2006 fau … 1 1 … … Splitsko-Dalmatinska Trogir NA Pantana 3 March 2006 fau 74 30 0 … … Osijecko-Baranjska Draz NA Draz 3 March 2006 fau … 1 1 … … * NA: not applicable
Affected population in the new outbreaks:
- Avian influenza virus type H5N1 was isolated from organs of a dead swan found at Pantana.
- During the regular surveillance from 28 February 2006 to 3 March 2006 at the same location, 74 wild birds of different species (e.g. gulls, shorebirds) were caught and cloacal swabs were taken; 30 black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus) tested positive on HPAI virus subtype H5N1.
- Cloacal and tracheal swabs were taken from a dead swan found at Draz (a tributary of the river Danube) and tested positive for HPAI virus subtype H5N1.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Poultry Centre of the Croatian Veterinary Institute swan - haemagglutination;
- RT-PCR(1).
21 Feb. 2006 - positive for H5
black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus) - haemagglutination;
- RT-PCR.
13 March 2006 - positive for H5
swan - haemagglutination;
- RT-PCR.
13 March 2006 - positive for H5
Origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive; seasonal migration of wild birds (swans).
Control measures undertaken:
- control of wildlife reservoirs;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- disinfection of infected areas.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Final report: no.
(1) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
*
* *MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN DENMARK (IN WILDLIFE)
See also: 6 July 2006, 1 June 2006, 4 May 2006, 13 April 2006, 6 April 2006, 30 March 2006
(Disease never reported before in Denmark).
Immediate notification report
Information received on 15 March from Dr Preben Willeberg, Chief Veterinary Officer, Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Søborg:
Report date: 15 March 2006.
Reason for immediate notification: first occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country or zone/compartment.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus s ubtype H5.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 14 March 2006.
Date of start of the event: 12 March 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory.
Details of outbreak:
First administrative division (county) Name of the location (strand) Latitude Longitude Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Storstroem Svinø 55º07'04'' 11º48'23'' 12 March 2006 fau … 1 1 0 0 Description of affected population: a wild common buzzard (Buteo buteo) found dead on a beach a few kilometres south of the town of Næstved.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research Buteo buteo RT-PCR 14 March 2006 positive for H5 sequencing analysis amino acid sequence at cleavage site reveals a HPAI profile Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures undertaken:
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Other details/comments:
- The Danish Veterinary and Food Research Institute will continue investigations in order to clarify whether it is the H5N1 type already detected in wild birds in several other European Union (EU) countries and samples will be send to the EU Reference Laboratory in Weybridge, United Kingdom, for confirmation.
- In accordance with EU legislation a protection zone (minimum 3 km) and a surveillance zone (minimum 10 km) have been established around the location where the infected bird was found. All poultry within the zones must be kept inside and all poultry holdings - including hobby holdings - must be registered. The Danish Veterinary and Food Administration will in the near future inspect all poultry holdings in the protection zone in order to look for possible further spread of avian influenza. Restrictions on movement of eggs and poultry have been imposed within the zones. All hunting within the zones is also prohibited.
Final report: no.
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