Disease Information

2 March 2006
Vol. 19 - No. 9

Contents

Newcastle disease in Sweden: follow-up report No. 2 (final report) on the outbreak in Skåne County

Avian influenza in India: follow-up report No. 1

Highly pathogenic avian influenza in Turkey: follow-up report No. 6

Highly pathogenic avian influenza in Turkey: follow-up report No. 7

Avian influenza in Malaysia

Foot and mouth disease in Turkey: in Thrace region (follow-up report No. 1)

Highly pathogenic avian influenza in Romania: follow-up report No. 19

Foot and mouth disease in Argentina: follow-up report No. 1

Foot and mouth disease in Argentina: follow-up report No. 2

American foulbrood in Chile: follow-up report No. 10

Avian influenza in France

Avian influenza in Azerbaijan

Avian influenza in Niger

Miscellaneous: Avian influenza in France (in wildlife) (follow-up report No. 1)

Miscellaneous: Avian influenza in Greece (in wildlife) (follow-up report No. 3)

Miscellaneous: Avian influenza in Slovenia (in wildlife) (follow-up report No. 1)

Miscellaneous: Avian influenza in Croatia (in wildlife) (follow-up report No. 7)

Miscellaneous: Avian influenza in Slovakia (in wildlife)

Miscellaneous: Avian influenza in Iran (in wildlife) (follow-up report No. 1)

Miscellaneous: Avian influenza in Switzerland (in wildlife)

Miscellaneous: Avian influenza in Hungary (in wildlife)

NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN SWEDEN
Follow-up report No. 2 (final report) on the outbreak in Skåne County

See also: 23 November 2006, 15 June 2006, 16 February 2006, 19 January 2006, 19 January 2006, 30 December 2005, 23 December 2005

Information received on 15 February 2006 from Dr Leif Denneberg, Chief Veterinary Officer, Swedish Board of Agriculture, Jönköping:

End of previous report period: 16 January 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [3], 34, dated 19 January 2006).

End of this report period: 15 February 2006.

Precise identification of agent: paramyxovirus type 1 (intracerebral pathogenicity index: 1.58).

Date of first confirmation of the event: 28 December 2005.

Date of start of the event: 9 December 2005.

Details of outbreak (reminder):

First administrative division	Type of epide-miolo-gical unit	Name of the location	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreak
					susceptible	cases	deaths	destroyed	slaugh-tered
Skåne County	farm	Norra Skravling, Billeberga	9 Dec. 2005	avi*	18,900*	300	300	18,600	0

* Laying hens

Other details/comments:

All poultry in the infected holding were culled and destroyed on 12 December 2005.

Preliminary cleaning and disinfection was done on 15 December 2005. There was no further spread of the virus.

Transport restrictions in the 10-km-radius surveillance area were lifted as from 16 January 2006.

Final cleaning and disinfection were completed on 14 February 2006.

Final report: yes.

*
* *

AVIAN INFLUENZA IN INDIA
Follow-up report No. 1

See also: 17 August 2006, 8 June 2006, 16 March 2006, 23 February 2006

Information received on 23 February 2006 from Mr P.M.A. Hakeem, Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, New Delhi:

End of the previous report period: 18 February 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [8], 133, dated 23 February 2006).

End of this report period: 23 February 2006.

Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 18 February 2006.

Date of start of the event: 27 January 2006.

Clinical disease: yes.

Nature of diagnosis: post-mortem and laboratory.

Details of outbreak (reminder):

First administrative division (State)	Lower administrative division (district)	Type of epide-miolo-gical unit	Name of the location	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreaks
						susceptible	cases	deaths	destroyed	slaugh-tered
Maharashtra	Nandurbar	village	Navapur	27 Jan 2006	avi	…	…	…	…	…

Description of affected population: poultry

Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.

Control measures undertaken:

- movement control inside the country;

- stamping out;

- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s).

Due to the very small number of poultry in the infected and surveillance zones, we have resorted to stamping out in the entire 10-km radius infected zone. To date, no further cases of avian influenza have been reported from this area or from any other parts of the country.

Treatment of affected animals: no.

Final report: no.

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HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN TURKEY
Follow-up report No. 6

See also: 17 August 2006, 18 May 2006, 11 May 2006, 27 April 2006, 20 April 2006, 13 April 2006, 6 April 2006, 30 March 2006, 23 March 2006, 9 March 2006, 2 March 2006, 23 February 2006, 2 February 2006, 26 January 2006, 19 January 2006, 12 January 2006, 30 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 18 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 14 October 2005, 14 October 2005

Information received on 23 February 2006 from Dr Hüseyin Sungur, Director General, General Directorate of Protection and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ankara:

End of previous report period: 17 February 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [8], 129, dated 23 February 2006).

End of this report period: 23 February 2006.

Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 26 December 2005.

Date of start of the event: 15 December 2005.

Clinical disease: yes.

Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.

New outbreaks:

First administrative division	Lower administrative division	Type of epide-miolo-gical unit	Name of the location	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreaks
						susceptible	cases	deaths	destroyed	slaugh-tered
Adana	Yüregir	village	Duzce	15 Jan. 2006	avi	238	5	5	233	0
Bitlis	Adilcevaz	village	Evrenpasa	2 Jan. 2006	avi	8,071	…	…	8,071	0
Malatya	Merkez	village	Melekbaba	12 Jan. 2006	avi	152	2	2	150	0
Malatya	Yazihan	village	Karaca	12 Jan. 2006	avi	352	1	1	351	0
Manisa	Golmarmara	village	Kayaalti koyu	16 Feb. 2006	avi	1,121	8	8	1,113	0
Mus	Bulanik	village	Bingoldek koyu	11 Jan. 2006	avi	213	1	1	212	0
Mus	Bulanik	village	Merkez	9 Jan. 2006	avi	6,729	4	4	6,725	0
Mus	Haskoy	village	Merkez	12 Jan. 2006	avi	…	2	2	…	0
Siirt	Baykan	village	Kasimli koyu	11 Jan. 2006	avi	…	1	1	…	0
Siirt	Baykan	village	Yarimca	11 Jan. 2006	avi	…	1	1	…	0
Siirt	Baykan	village	Ziyaret Bel.	12 Jan. 2006	avi	4,319	1	1	4,318	0
Siirt	Merkez	village		9 Jan. 2006	avi	12,868	5	5	12,863	0
Siirt	Pervari	village	Gulecler koyu	8 Jan. 2006	avi	…	9	9	…	0
Siirt	Pervari	village	Palamutlu koyu	9 Jan. 2006	avi	…	1	1	…	0
Tunceli	Merkez	village	Gulec koyu	13 Jan. 2006	avi	…	1	1	…	0
Tunceli	Pertek	village	Ardic	12 Jan. 2006	avi	729	1	1	728	0

Affected population: backyard (village) poultry flocks.

Diagnosis:

Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed	Outbreak	Species examined	Diagnostic tests used	Date	Results
Bornova Veterinary Control and Research Institute	Yuregir/Adana	chicken	HI(1)	20 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Adilcevaz/Bitlis	chicken	HI	14 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Merkez/Malatya	chicken	HI	14 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Yazihan/Malatya	chicken	HI	14 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Golmarmara/Manisa	chicken	HI	17 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Haskoy/Mus	chicken	HI	14 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Bulanik-Merkez/Mus	chicken	HI	14 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Bulanik/Mus	chicken	HI	15 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Baykan-Yarimca/Siirt	chicken	HI	14 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Baykan/Siirt	chicken	HI	14 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Merkez/Siirt	chicken	HI	15 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Pervari/Siirt	chicken	HI	21 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Baykan-Kasimli/Siirt	chicken	HI	21 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Pervari-Palamutlu/Siirt	chicken	HI	21 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Merkez/Tunceli	chicken	HI	14 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Pertek/Tunceli	chicken	HI	14 Feb. 2006	positive H5

Origin of infection: contact with wild birds.

Control measures undertaken:

- stamping out;

- quarantine;

- movement control inside the country;

- screening;

- zoning;

- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s).

Treatment of affected animals: no.

Vaccination prohibited: yes.

Other details/comments:

- Between 15 December 2005 and 23 February 2006, a total of 2,270,307 poultry were culled within and outside the outbreaks.

- A total of 29 outbreaks in 12 provinces have ended.

Final report: no.

(1) HI: haemagglutination inhibition test

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* *

HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN TURKEY
Follow-up report No. 7

See also: 17 August 2006, 18 May 2006, 11 May 2006, 27 April 2006, 20 April 2006, 13 April 2006, 6 April 2006, 30 March 2006, 23 March 2006, 9 March 2006, 2 March 2006, 23 February 2006, 2 February 2006, 26 January 2006, 19 January 2006, 12 January 2006, 30 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 18 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 14 October 2005, 14 October 2005

Information received on 1 March 2006 from Dr Hüseyin Sungur, Director General, General Directorate of Protection and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ankara:

End of previous report period: 23 February 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [9], 159, dated 2 March 2006).

End of this report period: 1 March 2006.

Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 26 December 2005.

Date of start of the event: 15 December 2005.

Clinical disease: yes.

Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.

New outbreaks:

First administrative division	Lower administrative division	Type of epide-miolo-gical unit	Name of the location	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreaks
						susceptible	cases	deaths	destroyed	slaugh-tered
Batman	Kozluk	village	A.Yankili	11 Jan. 2006	avi	634	2	2	632	0
Kirklareli	Demirkoy	village	Begendik	8 Feb. 2006	avi	377	25	25	352	0
Rize	Cayeli	village	Madenli Yemisli	3 Feb. 2006	avi	64	1	1	63	0
Rize	Merkez	village	Kucukcayir	2 Feb. 2006	avi	5	4	4	1	0
Rize	Merkez	village	Caycilar	3 Feb. 2006	avi	974	2	2	972	0
S.Urfa	Viransehir	village	Ucgul koyu	6 Feb. 2006	avi	1,473	304	304	1,169	0
Samsun	19 Mayis	village	Yorukler	3 Feb. 2006	avi	2,244	2	2	2,242	0
Samsun	Alacam	village	Y.Elma koyu	…	avi	…	…	…	…	0
Samsun	Atakum	village	Çobarili mah.	6 Feb. 2006	avi	2,562	2	2	2,560	0
Samsun	Bafra	village	Köseli	2 Feb. 2006	avi	5,952	3	3	5,949	0
Samsun	Bafra	village	Surmeli	…	avi	…	…	…	…	0
Samsun	Bafra	village	Sarikoy	…	avi	…	…	…	…	0
Samsun	Carsamba	village	Durusu	2 Feb. 2006	avi	1,631	2	2	1,629	0
Samsun	Carsamba	village	Kumtepe	3 Feb. 2006	avi	211	5	5	206	0
Samsun	Kavak	village	Ilica	…	avi	…	…	…	…	0
Samsun	Merkez	village	Asarcik	5 Feb. 2006	avi	…	1	1	…	0
Samsun	Merkez	village	Dereler	4 Feb. 2006	avi	…	3	3	…	0
Samsun	Tekkeköy	village	Selyeri	31 Jan. 2006	avi	2,097	1	1	2,096	0
Samsun	Tekkeköy	village	Asagicinik	31 Jan. 2006	avi	655	1	1	654	0
Samsun	Tekkeköy	village	Buyuklu Beldesi	7 Feb. 2006	avi	250	1	1	249	0
Samsun	Tekkeköy	village	Balcali	3 Feb. 2006	avi	261	1	1	260	0
Samsun	Terme	village	Yenimahalle	2 Feb. 2006	avi	545	1	1	544	0
Samsun	Terme	village	Cangallar	3 Feb. 2006	avi	…	1	1	…	0
Samsun	Terme	village	Uzungazi	3 Feb. 2006	avi	…	1	1	…	0
Samsun	Terme	village	Karacali	3 Feb. 2006	avi	…	1	1	…	0
Samsun	Terme	village	Golyazi	6 Feb. 2006	avi	127	2	2	125	0
Samsun	Vezirköpru	village	Tepeoren	4 Feb. 2006	avi	1,497	2	2	1,495	0
Sinop	Boyabat	village	Kozkule	2 Feb. 2006	avi	210	1	1	209	0
Sinop	Merkez	village	Bektasaga Koyu	8 Feb. 2006	avi	918	5	5	913	0
Sinop	Türkeli	village	Duz koyu	7 Feb. 2006	avi	453	1	1	452	0
Sirnak	Silopi	village	Ozge koyu	2 Feb. 2006	avi	332	1	1	331	0
Tokat	Niksar	village	Merkez	9 Jan. 2006	avi	…	1	1	…	0
Tokat	Niksar	village	Cimenozu Koyu	6 Jan. 2006	avi	978	1	1	977	0
Tokat	Yesilyurt	village	Merkez	23 Jan. 2006	avi	3,209	1	1	3,208	0
Tokat	Zile	village	Sogutozu koyu	8 Feb. 2006	avi	…	1	1	…	0

Affected population: backyard (village) poultry flocks.

Diagnosis:

Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed	Outbreak	Species examined	Diagnostic tests used	Date	Results
Bornova Veterinary Control and Research Institute	Yankili/Batman	chicken	HI(1)	26 Jan. 2006	positive H5
	Turkeli/Sinop	chicken	HI	23 Feb. 2006	positive H5
Central Veterinary Control and Research Institute, Ankara	19 Mayis/Samsun	chicken	HI	23 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Alacam/Samsun	chicken	HI	23 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Asarcik/Samsun	chicken	HI	23 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Atakum/Samsun	chicken	HI	23 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Bafra/Samsun	chicken	HI	23 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Bafra-Sarikoy/Samsun	chicken	HI	23 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Bafra-Surmeli/Samsun	chicken	HI	23 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Boyabat/Sinop	chicken	HI	23 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Carsamba/Samsun	chicken	HI	23 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Caycilar/Rize	chicken	HI	23 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Cayeli/Rize	chicken	HI	23 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Kava- Ilica/Samsun	chicken	HI	23 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Kucukcayir/Rize	chicken	HI	23 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Merkez/Sinop	chicken, turkey	HI	16 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Merkez-Dereler/Samsun	chicken	HI	23 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Niksar/Tokat	chicken	HI	26 Jan. 2006	positive H5
	Niksar-Cimenozu/Tokat	chicken	HI	10 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Silopi/Sirnak	chichen	HI	16 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Tekkekoy/Samsun	chicken	HI	23 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Tekkekoy/Samsun	chicken	HI	23 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Tekkekoy-Balcali/Samsun	chicken	HI	23 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Terme/Samsun	chicken	HI	23 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Terme-Cangallar/Samsun	chicken	HI	23 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Terme-Golyazi/Samsun	chicken	HI	23 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Terme-Karacali/Samsun	chicken	HI	23 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Terme-Uzungazi/Samsun	chicken	HI	23 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Vezirkopru/Samsun	chicken	HI	23 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Yesilyurt/Tokat	chicken	HI	9 Feb. 2006	positive H5
	Zile/Tokat	chicken	HI	9 Feb. 2006	positive H5
Pendik Veterinary Control and Research Institute	Kirklareli	chicken	HI	10 Feb. 2006	positive
			RT-PCR(2)	10 Feb. 2006	positive N1
	Viransehir-Ucgul/S.Urfa	chicken	HI	16 Feb. 2006	positive H5

Origin of infection: contact with wild birds.

Control measures undertaken:

- stamping out;

- quarantine;

- movement control inside the country;

- screening;

- zoning;

- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s).

Treatment of affected animals: no.

Vaccination prohibited: yes.

Other details/comments:

- In addition, H5 virus was detected in a dove and a pigeon in Amasya province, in a swan, a hawk, a pigeon and a sparrow in Samsun province and in a swan in Sinop province.

- Between 15 December 2005 and 1 March 2006, a total of 2,277,220 poultry were culled within and outside the outbreaks.

- A total of 39 outbreaks in 16 provinces have ended.

Final report: no.

(1) HI: haemagglutination inhibition test

(2) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction

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AVIAN INFLUENZA IN MALAYSIA

See also: 22 June 2006, 30 March 2006, 9 March 2006

(Date of previous outbreak of avian influenza in Malaysia reported to the OIE: 3 January 2005).

Immediate notification report

Information received on 23 February 2006 from Dr Hawari Bin Hussein, Director General, Department of Veterinary Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Kuala Lumpur:

Report date: 23 February 2006.

Reason for immediate notification: re-occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country, zone/compartment following a report declaring the outbreak(s) ended.

Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 19 February 2006.

Date of start of the event: 6 February 2006.

Clinical disease: yes.

Nature of diagnosis: laboratory.

Details of outbreak:

First administrative division (state)

Lower administra-tive division (city)

Type of epide-miolo-gical unit

Name of the location (village)

Latitude

Longitude

Date of start of the outbreak

Spe-cies

Number of animals in the outbreak

suscep-tible

cases

deaths

des-troyed

slaugh-tered

Wilayah Persekutuan

Setapak

village

Pasir Wardieburn

03º 11.563 N

101º 43.023 E

6 Feb.2006

avi

150

50

50

100

0

Description of affected population: free range village chickens.

Diagnosis:

Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed	Species examined	Diagnostic tests used	Date	Results
Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Petaling Jaya	avi	- virus isolation; - RT-PCR	18 Feb. 2006	Positive for H5
Veterinary Research Institute	avi	- RT-PCR (M gene); - RT-PCR (H5 gene); - RT-PCR (N1 gene).	19 Feb. 2006	Positive for H5N1

Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.

Control measures undertaken:

- stamping out;

- quarantine;

- movement control inside the country;

- screening;

- zoning;

- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s);

- dipping/spraying.

Treatment of affected animals: no.

Vaccination prohibited: yes.

Other details/comments:

A 1-km-radius Infected Zone was established around the index case. Culling in the infected Zone started on 20 February 2006 and was completed on 22 February 2006 (1,970 chickens, 62 ducks and 72 other birds). In addition, 505 eggs were also destroyed

A 10-km-radius Surveillance Zone was also established. Clinical and laboratory surveillance is underway in the Surveillance Zone. Surveillance is also underway in other States.

Final report: no.

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FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN TURKEY
in Thrace region (Follow-up report No. 1)

See also: 5 October 2006, 13 July 2006, 22 June 2006, 6 April 2006, 23 March 2006, 9 February 2006

Information received on 23 February and 1 March 2006 from Dr Hüseyin Sungur, Director General, General Directorate of Protection and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ankara:

End of previous report period: 7 February 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [6], 91, dated 9 February 2006).

End of this report period: 23 February 2006.

Precise identification of agent: foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus type A.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 1 February 2006.

Date of start of the event: 21 January 2006.

Clinical disease: yes.

Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.

New outbreaks:

First administrative division	Lower administrative division	Type of epide-miolo-gical unit	Name of the location	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreaks
						susceptible	cases	deaths	destroyed	slaugh-tered
Kirklareli	Merkez	village	Kavakdere	6 Feb. 2006	bov	539	17	0	0	17
					ovi	1,025	0	0	0	0
Kirklareli	Merkez	village	Urunlu	11 Feb. 2006	bov	820	3	0	0	3
					ovi	400	0	0	0	0
Kirklareli	Merkez	village	Kayali	11 Feb. 2006	bov	2,120	17	0	0	17
					ovi	5,070	0	0	0	0
					cap	1,265	0	0	0	0
Kirklareli	Luleburgaz	village	Seyitler	1 Feb. 2006	bov	125	14	0	0	0
					ovi	290	0	0	0	0
Kirklareli	Luleburgaz	village	Karamusul	30 Jan. 2006	bov	676	3	0	0	0
					ovi	762	0	0	0	0
Kirklareli	Demirkoy	village	Avcilar	6 Feb. 2006	bov	46	4	0	0	0
Tekirdag	Marmaraereglisi	village	Y.Ciftlik	11 Feb. 2006	bov	670	3	0	0	0
Tekirdag	Vakifidemir	village		10 Feb. 2006	bov	554	8	0	0	0
Tekirdag	Merkez	village	Cinarli	20 Feb. 2006	bov	51	3	0	0	0
Tekirdag	Merkez	village	Kasikci	24 Feb. 2006	bov	442	1	0	0	0
					ovi	584	0	0	0	0
Tekirdag	Merkez	village	Tasomurca	28 Feb. 2006	bov	132	1	0	0	0
Edirne	Uzunkopru	village	Kirkkavak	26 Feb. 2006	bov	26	15	0	0	0

Diagnosis:

Location of outbreaks	Species examined	Diagnostic tests used	Date	Results
Merkez-Urunlu in Kirklareli	bov	ELISA	15 Feb. 2006	Type A
Merkez-Kayali in Kirklareli	bov	ELISA	15 Feb. 2006	Type A
Luleburgaz-Seyitler in Kirklareli	bov	ELISA	8 Feb. 2006	Type A
Luleburgaz-Karamusul in Kirklareli	bov	ELISA	7 Feb. 2006	Type A
Merkez-Kavakdere in Kirklareli	bov	ELISA	13 Feb. 2006	Type A
Demirkoy-Avcilar in Kirklareli	bov	ELISA	13 Feb. 2006	Type A
Marmaraereglisi in Tekirdag	bov	ELISA	12 Feb. 2006	Type A
Malkara-Vakifidemir in Tekirdag	bov	ELISA	15 Feb. 2006	Type A
Merkez-Cinarli in Tekirdag	bov	ELISA	27 Feb. 2006	Type A

Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: introduction of new animals/animal products, legal movement of animals.

Control measures undertaken:

- quarantine;

- movement control inside the country;

- screening;

- zoning;

- vaccination;

- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s).

Vaccination in response to the outbreaks:

First administrative division	Species	Total number of animals vaccinated	Details of the vaccine
Kirklareli/Kavakdere	bov	521	trivalent*
Kirklareli/Urunlu	bov	752	trivalent
Kirklareli/Kayali	bov	1,825	trivalent
	ovi	5,070	trivalent
	cap	1,265	trivalent
Kirklareli/Seyitler	bov	90	trivalent
Kirklareli/Karamusul	bov	667	trivalent
Tekirdag/Marmaraereglisi	bov	670	trivalent
	ovi	600	trivalent
Tekirdag/Vakifidemir	bov	3,237	trivalent
	ovi	448	trivalent
Merkez/Kasikci	bov	439	trivalent
	ovi	523	trivalent
Merkez/Tasomurka	bov	118	trivalent
Edirne/Uzunkopru	bov	2,223	trivalent

* Trivalent: A, O, Asia 1.

Vaccination prohibited: no.

Other details/comments:

The disease had not been seen in Thrace region since June 2001. No FMD type A outbreaks were detected in Turkey between the beginning of June 2005 and November 2005. Following the detection of one outbreak due to type A in the Eastern province of Elazig in November and 13 further outbreaks in December, detailed investigations were initiated. Laboratory analysis showed that these type A viruses were genetically quite distinct from A Iran 96 and A Iran 99 virus topotypes, both of which have recently been circulating in Turkey. The sequence data which was obtained at the Ankara SAP Institute was sent to the OIE/FAO Reference Laboratory in Pirbright, United Kingdom, and these viruses were found to be closely matched with viruses isolated in Iran in 2005. The antigenic relationship of these viruses with A Iran 96 and A Iran 99 vaccine strains was very weak. These findings by the OIE Reference Laboratory in Pirbright were also confirmed by the SAP Institute and the A 22 Mahmatli vaccine strain was determined as the most effective vaccine strain against these new viruses.

Viruses recently isolated from Thrace were also sequenced and found to be the same as new viruses recently isolated from Anatolia.

Studies were immediately initiated with a view to producing a vaccine against A 22 Mahmatli. Distribution of the new trivalent vaccine, which includes A 22 Mahmatli, O Manisa and Asia 1 viruses, was started on 10 February 2006.

In addition to the above-mentioned vaccinations, 6,291 bovine animals and 1,300 sheep were vaccinated in the outbreak in Malkara/Tekirdag and 750 bovine animals were vaccinated in the outbreak in Nadirli (Babaeski, Kirklareli province).

Within the framework of the spring vaccination campaigns, 59,865 bovine animals have been vaccinated in Kirklareli province.

Final report: no.

*
* *

HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN ROMANIA
Follow-up report No. 19

See also: 23 February 2006, 16 February 2006, 19 January 2006, 5 January 2006, 30 December 2005, 23 December 2005, 16 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 2 December 2005, 2 December 2005, 25 November 2005, 18 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 21 October 2005, 21 October 2005, 14 October 2005, 14 October 2005

Information received on 24 February 2006 from Dr Gabriel Predoi, Director General, National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority, Bucharest:

End of previous report period: 22 February 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [8], 138, dated 23 February 2006).

End of this report period: 17 February 2006.

Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 7 October 2005.

Date of start of the event: October 2005.

Nature of diagnosis: suspicion, clinical and laboratory.

New outbreaks:

First administrative division (county)	Lower administrative division (district)	Name of the location (village)	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreaks
					susceptible	cases	deaths	destroyed	slaugh-tered
Constanta	Tuzla	Tuzla	16 Feb. 2006	avi	37	37	19	18	…
Constanta	Navodari	Navodari	16 Feb. 2006	avi	72	72	37	35	…

Description of affected population:

- Outbreak in Tuzla: backyard premises with 30 hens and 7 geese.

- Outbreak in Navodari: backyard premises with 71 hens and 1 pheasant.

Diagnosis:

Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed	Species examined	Diagnostic tests used	Date	Results
Sanitary Veterinary Laboratory Constanta	hens	- rapid detection test; - ELISA; - RT-PCR.	16 Feb. 2006	Positive

Source of outbreaks: contact with infected animal(s) at grazing/watering; contact with wild animals.

Control measures

A. Undertaken:

- stamping out;

- quarantine;

- movement control inside the country;

- screening;

- zoning;

- disinfection of infected premises/establishments.

B. To be undertaken:

- control of wildlife reservoirs.

Treatment of affected animals: no.

Vaccination prohibited: no.

Other details/comments:

We are awaiting confirmation of the two outbreaks from the Institute for Diagnostics and Animal Health (national reference laboratory) before applying control measures.

Final report: no.

*
* *

FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN ARGENTINA
Follow-up report No. 1

See also: 13 April 2006, 2 March 2006, 9 February 2006

Translation of information received on 24 February 2006 from Dr Jorge Nestor Amaya, President, National Agrifood Health and Quality Service (SENASA⁽¹⁾), Secretariat for Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Food, Buenos Aires:

End of previous report period: 8 February 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [6], 96, dated 9 February 2006).

End of this report period: 23 February 2006.

Identification of agent: foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus serotype O.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 8 February 2006.

Date of start of the event: 5 February 2006*.

Clinical disease: yes.

Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.

Details of outbreak (reminder):

First administrative division (province)	Lower administrative division	Type of epide-miolo-gical unit	Latitude	Longitude	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreak
							susceptible	cases	deaths	destroyed	slaugh-tered
Corrientes	San Luis del Palmar	farm	27º 30' 24.2" S	58º 22' 59.6" W	5 Feb. 2006*	bov	4,098	70	0	4,098	0
						ovi	100	0	0	100	0
						cap	235	0	0	235	0
						sui	5	0	0	5	0

* Date of the official intervention after notification was received. Judging by observations at the farm (lesions and clinical signs) and by the preliminary investigations, the event probably started on 26 January 2006.

Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.

Stamping out:

Stamping-out of all the sick animals and contacts was completed on 19 February 2006, totalling 4,098 cattle, 100 sheep, 235 goats and 5 pigs. Contacts have been considered as all animals in the establishment (these animals belong to different owners but are considered to be part of the same epidemiological unit), as well as animals from a neighbouring establishment linked with this establishment, owing to the fact that the owner is the manager of the affected establishment.

A proximity risk assessment is being carried out in the field, with other establishments adjoining the affected farm being considered as potential contacts, in order to determine the scope of the stamping-out policy.

Vaccination in response to the outbreak:

The vaccination of all animals in the perifocal area was completed on 18 February 2006.

The vaccination of the cattle in the surveillance area is still underway, in accordance with the schedule, and is due to be completed in 15 days’ time.

Final report: no.

(1) SENASA: Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria

*
* *

FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN ARGENTINA
Follow-up report No. 2

See also: 13 April 2006, 2 March 2006, 9 February 2006

Translation of information received on 24 and 27 February 2006 from Dr Jorge Nestor Amaya, President, National Agrifood Health and Quality Service (SENASA⁽¹⁾), Secretariat for Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Food, Buenos Aires:

End of previous report period: 8 February 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [9], 169, dated 2 March 2006).

End of this report period: 27 February 2006.

Identification of agent: foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus serotype O.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 8 February 2006.

Date of start of the event: 5 February 2006.

Clinical disease: yes.

Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.

New outbreak:

First administrative division (province)	Lower administrative division	Type of epide-miolo-gical unit	Latitude	Longitude	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreak
							susceptible	cases	deaths	destroyed	slaugh-tered
Corrientes	San Luis del Palmar	farm	27º 30' 24.2" S	58º 22' 59.6" W	14 Feb. 2006	bov	approx. 1,400	1	0	…	0

Affected population in the new outbreak:

The sick animal is a male bovine of between one and two years of age, with foot and mouth lesions for approximately the past seven days.

The producer owns a total of 16 cattle and shares the establishment with other producers. The production unit (epidemiological unit) involves approximately 50 producers, with a total population of around 1,400 cattle. The establishment adjoins the primary outbreak and is located within the perifocal area.

Diagnosis:

Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed	Species examined	Diagnostic tests used	Date	Results
SENASA Directorate of Laboratories and Technical Control (DILACOT(2)), Martínez, province of Buenos Aires	bov	probang test (using oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid)	pending	pending
		- ELISA(3) 3ABC; - EITB(4); - detection of antibodies against non structural proteins (from sera).	24 Feb. 2006	positive

Source of new outbreak: unknown or inconclusive.

Control measures undertaken:

- stamping out (in progress);

- quarantine;

- movement control inside the country;

- screening;

- zoning;

- vaccination;

- disinfection of infected premises/establishment;

- dipping/spraying.

Vaccination in response to the outbreaks:

First administrative division	Species	Total number of animals vaccinated	Details of the vaccine
province of Corrientes	bov	46,904	inactivated oil vaccine (polyvalent - serotypes O, A and C)
	o/c	1,887	inactivated oil vaccine (polyvalent - serotypes O, A and C)
	sui	63	inactivated oil vaccine (polyvalent - serotypes O, A and C)

Treatment of affected animals: no.

Final report: no.

(1) SENASA: Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria

(2) DILACOT: Dirección de Laboratorios y Control Técnico

(3) ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

(4) EITB: electroimmunotransfer blot

*
* *

AMERICAN FOULBROOD IN CHILE
Follow-up report No. 10

See also: 30 March 2006, 26 January 2006, 12 January 2006, 23 December 2005, 16 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 2 December 2005, 25 November 2005, 18 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 28 October 2005

Translation of information received on 24 February 2006 from Dr Hernan Rojas Olavarria, Head, Division of Animal Protection, Livestock and Agriculture Service (SAG), Ministry of Agriculture, Santiago:

End of previous report period: 20 January 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [4], 62, dated 26 January 2006).

End of this report period: 24 February 2006.

Identification of agent: Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 20 October 2005.

Date of start of the event: 15 October 2005.

Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.

New outbreaks:

First adminis-trative division	Lower adminis-trative division	Type of epide-miologi-cal unit	Name of the location	Latitude	Longitude	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals* in the outbreaks
								suscep-tible	cases	destroyed
X Region	Fresia	apiary	Llanquihue	41º 13' 25.1693" S	73º 23'33.8019” W	5 Jan. 2006	api	35	2	2
X Region	Valdivia	apiary	Valdivia	39º 49' 59.1148” S	73º 23' 33.9978” W	14 Jan. 2006	api	22	1	1
X Region	Puerto Varas	apiary	Llanquihue	41º 22' 17.6538” S	72º 42' 37.5122” W	17 Jan. 2006	api	4	2	2
X Region	Puerto Varas	apiary	Llanquihue	41º 16' 44.0702” S	72º 47' 5.3095” W	17 Jan. 2006	api	13	3	3
X Region	Cochamo	apiary	Llanquihue	41º 28' 54.9696” S	72º 19' 47.0819” W	10 Jan. 2006	api	150	6	6
X Region	Cochamo	apiary	Llanquihue	41º 21' 24.7008” S	72º 16' 42.0302” W	17 Jan. 2006	api	150	3	3
X Region	Puerto Montt	apiary	Llanquihue	41º 36' 3.01863” S	73º 4' 35.1885” W	19 Jan. 2006	api	11	5	5

* hives

Diagnosis:

Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed	Diagnostic tests used	Date	Results
Department of Laboratories and Plant and Animal Quarantine Stations, Lo Aguirre, Santiago de Chile (official SAG laboratory)	PCR (polymerase chain reaction)	17 and 26 Jan. 2006	positive

Source of new outbreaks: contact with affected hives.

Control measures undertaken:

- quarantine;

- modified stamping out policy applied to affected apiaries in X Region;

- movement control inside the country;

- zoning.

Final report: no.

*
* *

AVIAN INFLUENZA IN FRANCE

See also: 22 June 2006, 30 March 2006

Immediate notification report

Translation of information received on 25 February 2006 from Dr Monique Eloit, Deputy Director General, General Directorate for Food (DGAL), Ministry of Agriculture, Food, Fisheries and Rural Affairs, Paris:

Report date: 25 February 2006.

Reason for immediate notification: re-occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country or zone/compartment following a report declaring the outbreak(s) ended.

Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 25 February 2006.

Date of start of the event: 23 February 2006.

Clinical disease: yes.

Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.

Details of outbreak:

First administrative division (department)	Lower administrative division (district)	Type of epide-miolo-gical unit	Name of the location	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreak
						susceptible	cases	deaths	destroyed	slaugh-tered
Ain	Versailleux	farm	Versailleux	23 Feb. 2006	avi	11,700	10,500	400	11,300	0

Description of affected population: 56-day-old turkeys in a commercial farm.

Diagnosis:

Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed	Species examined	Diagnostic tests used	Date	Results
AFSSA, Ploufragan (national reference laboratory)	turkey	RT-PCR	23 Feb. 2006	positive for H5
	turkey	RNA sequencing on tracheal swabs	25 Feb. 2006	positive for H5N1*

* All 279 nucleotide positions that have been analysed reveal a 99.3% nucleotide sequence homology with the isolate A/BarHeadedGoose/Qinghai/65/05 (virus subtype H5N1) as well as with the virus detected in a pochard (Aythya ferina) on 17 February 2006 in Joyeux district, 1 km from the turkey farm.

Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.

Control measures undertaken:

- control of wildlife reservoirs;

- stamping out (culling of all the remaining poultry in the affected farm was carried out on the afternoon of 23 February 2006);

- quarantine;

- movement control inside the country;

- screening;

- zoning (protection and surveillance zones were delineated around the farm as soon as the disease was suspected, i.e. on 23 February 2006);

- disinfection of infected premises;

- dipping/spraying.

Vaccination prohibited: yes.

Other details/comments:

Clinical signs appeared suddenly, with a very high morbidity rate and a high mortality rate.

Final report: no.

*
* *

AVIAN INFLUENZA IN AZERBAIJAN

See also: 13 April 2006, 30 March 2006

Immediate notification report

Translation of information received on 27 February and 1 March 2006 from Dr Ismayil Murshud Gasanov, Head, State Veterinary Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Baku:

Report date: 24 February 2006.

Reason for immediate notification: first occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country or zone/compartment.

Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 24 February 2006.

Date of start of the event: 22 February 2006.

Clinical disease: yes.

Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.

Details of outbreaks:

First administrative division	Lower administrative division	Type of epide-miolo-gical unit	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreaks
					susceptible	cases	deaths	destroyed	slaugh-tered
Khyzy	Ghiljazi	…	22 Feb. 2006	avi	…	…	…	260,000	…
Biljasuvar	Samedabad	…	22 Feb. 2006	avi	…	…	…	36,000	…

Diagnosis:

Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed	Animals examined	Diagnostic test used	Date	Results
State Veterinary Laboratory, Baku	poultry	virological testing	24-28 Feb. 2006	positive

Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.

Control measures undertaken:

- control of wildlife reservoirs;

- quarantine;

- movement control inside the country;

- screening;

- disinfection of infected premises/establishments.

Final report: no.

*
* *

AVIAN INFLUENZA IN NIGER

See also: 22 June 2006, 8 June 2006

(Date of previous outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Niger reported to the OIE: October 1995).

Immediate notification report

Translation of information received on 28 February 2006 from Dr Seini Aboubacar, Director for Animal Health, Ministry of Animal Resources, Niamey:

Report date: 28 February 2006.

Reason for immediate notification: re-occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country or zone/compartment following a report declaring the outbreak(s) ended.

Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 27 February 2006.

Date of start of the event: 13 February 2006.

Clinical disease: yes.

Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.

Details of outbreak:

First administrative division (region)	Lower administrative division (district)	Type of epide-miolo-gical unit	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreak
					susceptible	cases	deaths	destroyed	slaugh-tered
Zinder	Magaria	village	13 Feb. 2006	avi	approx. 20,000	…	…	…	…

Description of affected population: traditionally reared poultry (all breeds).

Diagnosis:

Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed	Species examined	Diagnostic tests used	Date	Results
OIE Reference Laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Padova, Italy	ducks	RT-PCR	27 Feb. 2006	positive for H5N1

Source of outbreak or origin of infection: possible introduction of infected poultry from Nigeria.

Control measures

A. Undertaken:

- stamping out;

- quarantine;

- movement control inside the country;

- screening;

- zoning;

- disinfection of infected premises/establishments.

B. To be undertaken:

- vaccination.

Treatment of affected animals: no.

Other details/comments:

Magaria district is situated 1,000 km from Niamey. It is adjacent to the border with the State of Kano, in Nigeria, where the presence of the virus H5N1 was confirmed on 7 February 2006.

Since confirmation of the outbreak in Nigeria, the government of Niger has been carrying out a vast awareness campaign in all regions of the country.

All the relevant sanitary measures are currently being implemented, with the help of the country's development partners (FAO⁽¹⁾, WHO⁽²⁾, AU-IBAR⁽³⁾, OIE).

An Interministerial Committee on avian influenza control has been in place since October 2005.

A 12-month contingency plan has been prepared and has been submitted to the development partners.

(1) FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

(2) WHO: World Health Organization

(3) AU-IBAR: African Union - Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources

*
* *

MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN FRANCE (IN WILDLIFE) (Follow-up report No. 1)

See also: 1 June 2006, 4 May 2006, 6 April 2006, 16 March 2006, 9 March 2006, 23 February 2006

Translation of information received on 23 February 2006 from Dr Monique Eloit, Deputy Director General, General Directorate for Food (DGAL), Ministry of Agriculture, Food, Fisheries and Rural Affairs, Paris:

End of previous report period: 20 February 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [8], 149, dated 23 February 2006).

End of this report period: 23 February 2006.

Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 17 February 2006.

Date of start of the event: 13 February 2006.

New outbreak:

First administrative division (department)	Lower administrative division (district)	Type of epide-miolo-gical unit	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreak
					susceptible	cases	deaths	destroyed	slaugh-tered
Ain	…	NA*	…	fau	…	1	…	…	…

* NA: not applicable

Affected population: wild duck.

*
* *

MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN GREECE (IN WILDLIFE) (Follow-up report No. 3)

See also: 24 August 2006, 30 March 2006, 23 February 2006, 16 February 2006, 16 February 2006

Information received on 23 and 24 February 2006 from Dr Vasilios Stylas, Head, Animal Health Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture, Athens:

End of previous report period: 22 February 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [8], 152, dated 23 February 2006).

End of this report period: 24 February 2006.

Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 9 February 2006

Date of start of the event: 30 January 2006

Clinical disease: yes.

Nature of diagnosis: laboratory.

New outbreaks:

First administrative division (region)

Lower administrative division (prefecture)

Type of epide-miolo-gical unit

Name of the location

Latitude

Longitude

Date of start of the outbreak

Spe-cies

Number of animals in the outbreaks

susceptible

cases

deaths

destroyed

slaugh-tered

Central Macedonia

Chalkidiki

NA*

Alykes, Amoliani Island

40º 20' N

23º 54' E

14 Feb. 2006

fau

2

2

2

0

0

Central Macedonia

Pella

NA*

Loudias River, village of Nea Pella

40º 43' N

22º 28' E

13 Feb. 2006

fau

1

1

1

0

0

Central Macedonia

Pieria

NA*

village of Makrygialos

40º 25' N

22º 36' E

11 Feb. 2006

fau

1

1

1

0

0

Central Macedonia

Pieria

NA*

village of Paralia-Katerini

40º 16' N

22º 35' E

11 Feb. 2006

fau

1

1

1

0

0

Central Macedonia

Thessaloniki

NA*

village of Epanomi

40º 25' N

22º 54' E

13 Feb. 2006

fau

1

1

1

0

0

Central Macedonia

Thessaloniki

NA*

village of Stavros

40º 40' N

25º 41' E

12 Feb. 2006

fau

1

1

1

0

0

Eastern Macedonia and Thrace

Rodopi

NA*

Xirolimni Lake, village of Fanari

40º 58' N

25º 09' E

6 Feb. 2006

fau

2

2

2

0

0

* NA: not applicable

Affected population: swans (Cygnus olor) found dead. No clinical/pathological signs were observed.

Diagnosis:

Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed	Diagnostic tests used	Date	Results
Centre of Veterinary Institutions of Thessaloniki (national reference laboratory for avian influenza)	- virus isolation in embryonated fowls’ eggs; - haemagglutination test; - haemagglutination inhibition test.	17-21 Feb. 2006	Positive for H5
C.R.L.-Weybridge, United Kingdom (OIE Reference Laboratory for avian influenza)	- haemagglutination test; - haemagglutination inhibition test; - PCR(1); - other preliminary tests.	22-23 Feb. 2006	Positive for H5N1

Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.

Control measures undertaken: the veterinary authorities have been performing an epizootiological survey and applying the measures contained in European Commission Decision 2006/115/EU since 17 February 2006 (outbreak of Fanari) and 21 February 2006 (other outbreaks), when the national reference laboratory notified positive AI results.

Treatment of affected animals: no.

Vaccination prohibited: yes.

Other details/comments:

- Outbreak in Fanari: on 6 February 2006, the veterinary authorities were informed about the presence of two dead swans in Xirolimni Lake and immediately collected the birds and sent them to the national reference laboratory (NRL).

- Outbreaks in Paralia-Katerini and Makrygialos: on 11 February 2006, the veterinary authorities were informed about the presence of two dead swans on the coast at Paralia-Katerini village and Makrygialos village and immediately collected the birds and sent them to the NRL.

- Outbreak in Stavros: on 12 February 2006, the veterinary authorities were informed about the presence of one dead swan on the coast at Stavros village and immediately collected the bird and sent it to the NRL.

- Outbreak in Epanomi: on 13 February 2006, the veterinary authorities were informed about the presence of one dead swan on the coast at Epanomi village and immediately collected the bird and sent it to the NRL.

- Outbreak in Nea Pella: on 13 February 2006, the veterinary authorities were informed about the presence of one dead swan in the area of Loudias River near Nea Pella village and immediately collected the bird and sent it to the NRL.

- Outbreak on Amoliani island: on 14 February 2006, the veterinary authorities were informed about the presence of two dead swans in the Alykes area of Amoliani island and immediately collected the birds and sent them to the NRL.

Final report: no.

*
* *

MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN SLOVENIA (IN WILDLIFE) (Follow-up report No. 1)

See also: 6 April 2006, 9 March 2006, 23 February 2006, 16 February 2006

Information received on 24 February 2006 from Dr Simona Salamon, Deputy Director General, Veterinary Administration of the Republic of Slovenia (VARS), Ljubljana:

End of previous report period: 16 February 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [8], 145, dated 23 February 2006).

End of this report period: 24 February 2006.

Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.

Date of initial detection: 11 February 2006.

New outbreaks:

First administrative division	Type of epide-miolo-gical unit	Name of the location	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreaks
					susceptible	cases	deaths	destroyed	slaugh-tered
Podravska region	NA*	- Spodnji Duplek; - Dogoše; - Zrkovci; - Starše; - Maribor.	…	fau	…	…	6	…	…

* NA: not applicable

Affected population: five mute swans (Cygnus olor) and one grey heron (Ardea cinerea).

All the cases were reported in the area of the river Drava.

Diagnosis:

Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed	Species examined	Diagnostic tests used	Date	Results
National Veterinary Institute	Cygnus olor	- RT-PCR (N and H5 genes); - virus isolation; - amino acid sequencing.	…	positive for avian influenza virus H5
	Ardea cinerea	- RT-PCR (N and H5 genes); - virus isolation; - amino acid sequencing.	…	positive for highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1

Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.

Control measures:

- quarantine;

- zoning;

- movement control within the protection zone and the surveillance zone.

*
* *

MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN CROATIA (IN WILDLIFE) (Follow-up report No. 7)

See also: 2 November 2006, 13 April 2006, 16 March 2006, 23 February 2006

Information received on 24 February 2006 from Dr Mate Brstilo, Director of the Veterinary Administration, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Zagreb:

End of previous report period: 21 February 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [8], 151, dated 23 February 2006).

End of this report period: 23 February 2006.

Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 21 February 2006.

Date of start of the event: 15 February 2006.

Clinical disease: no.

Nature of diagnosis: laboratory.

New outbreak:

First administrative division	Lower administrative division	Type of epide-miolo-gical unit	Name of the location	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreak
						susceptible	cases	deaths	destroyed	slaugh-tered
Splitsko-Dalmatinska	Ciovo	village	Slatina	15 Feb. 2006	fau	1	0	1	0	0

Affected population in the new outbreak: avian influenza virus type H5N1 was isolated from organs of a dead swan found at Slatina on the island of Ciovo. Nucleotide sequencing at the cleavage site of the haemagglutinin (HA) of the H5N1 avian influenza virus isolate revealed the multiple basic amino acid sequence ‘PQGERRRKKRGLF’, which is consistent with highly pathogenic avian influenza.

Diagnosis:

Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed	Species examined	Diagnostic tests used	Date	Results
Poultry Centre of the Croatian Veterinary Institute	swan	- haemagglutination; - RT-PCR.	21 Feb. 2006	- positive for H5 - positive for H5N1
		- determination of haemagglutination cleavage site.	22 Feb. 2006	- positive for H5N1

Origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive; seasonal migration of wild birds (swans).

Control measures undertaken:

- control of wildlife reservoirs;

- quarantine;

- movement control inside the country;

- screening;

- zoning;

- disinfection of infected areas.

Treatment of affected animals: no.

Vaccination prohibited: yes.

Final report: no.

*
* *

MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN SLOVAKIA (IN WILDLIFE)

(Disease never reported before in Slovakia).

Immediate notification report

Information received on 24 February 2006 from Prof. Jozef Bires, Director General, State Veterinary and Food Administration, Bratislava:

Report date: 24 February 2006.

Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 20 February 2006.

Date of start of the event: 17 February 2006.

Nature of diagnosis: laboratory.

Details of outbreaks:

First administrative division (district)	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreaks
			susceptible	cases	deaths	destroyed	slaugh-tered
Bratislava	17 Feb 2006	fau	…	1	1	0	0
Dunajská Streda	18 Feb 2006	fau	…	1	1	0	0

Description of affected population: 2 wild birds, a smew (Mergus albellus) and a peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus).

Diagnosis:

Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed	Diagnostic tests used	Date	Results
State Veterinary Institute, Zvolen	PCR HI virus isolation	…	positive for H5N1
Veterinary Laboratory Agencies, Weybridge, United Kingdom	PCR HI virus isolation	24 Feb. 2006	positive for H5N1

Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: unknown.

Control measures undertaken:

A. Protection zone (3-km radius):

- identification of all poultry holdings;

- biosecurity measures;

- poultry and other captive birds to be kept enclosed;

- no hatching eggs, fresh meat, minced meat, meat preparations or meat products from poultry or other captive birds (including wild feathered game) may leave the protection zone;

- no unprocessed litter or manure from holdings located in the protection zone may leave the protection zone;

- transport of poultry and other captive birds (except for non-stop transit via major roads or railways and direct transport to a slaughterhouse for immediate slaughter) is prohibited;

- markets, shows, competitions and all other gatherings of poultry and captive birds are prohibited;

- hunting of wild birds is prohibited.

B. Surveillance zone (10-km radius):

- all holdings will be identified and all poultry on those holdings will be counted and clinically inspected;

- biosecurity measures to be applied on farms, including disinfection at the entrance to the holdings (CD 205/734);

- movement of poultry and all captive birds is prohibited;

- markets, shows, competitions and all other gatherings of poultry and captive birds are prohibited;

- hunting of wild birds is prohibited.

Treatment of affected animals: no.

Final report: no.

*
* *

MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN IRAN (IN WILDLIFE) (Follow-up report No. 1)

See also: 16 February 2006, 9 February 2006

Information received on 26 February 2006 from Dr Hossein Hassani, Head of Iran Veterinary Organization, Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture, Tehran:

End of previous report period: 15 February 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [7], 120, dated 16 February 2006).

End of this report period: 25 February 2006.

A total of 41,056 backyard and village birds living within a 2-km radius of the epicentre of the two previously declared outbreaks have been culled and disposed off.

Compensation disbursal in cash was initiated in the affected areas with effect from 16 February 2006. To date, a total of 459,375,000 rials⁽¹⁾ has already been paid. Compensation disbursal is still in progress.

Activities related to the active surveillance system have been strengthened and all poultry farms and rural areas in the province have been inspected on a regular basis. A total of 3,245 poultry farms and 1,686 villages have been inspected thoroughly during the past week.

In addition, out of 4,889 samples taken from industrial, native and migratory birds, all samples taken from native birds and industrial poultry farms were found to be negative and the only positive samples were those from the two swans previously confirmed by the OIE/FAO⁽²⁾ Reference Laboratory.

Final report: no.

(1) Approximately USD 50,315

(2) FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN SWITZERLAND (IN WILDLIFE)

See also: 15 June 2006, 8 June 2006, 1 June 2006, 25 May 2006, 18 May 2006, 11 May 2006, 4 May 2006, 27 April 2006, 13 April 2006, 6 April 2006, 16 March 2006

Immediate notification report

Information received on 27 February 2006 from Dr Hans Wyss, Director of the Federal Veterinary Office, Bern:

Report date: 26 February 2006.

Reason for immediate notification: first occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country or zone/compartment.

Identification of agent: avian influenza virus H5.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 26 February 2006.

Date of start of the event: 26 February 2006.

Clinical disease: yes.

Nature of diagnosis: suspicion.

Details of outbreak:

First administrative division (canton)	Type of epidemiological unit	Name of the location	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreak
					susceptible	cases	deaths	destroyed	slaugh-tered
Geneva	NA*	Geneva	26 Feb. 2006	fau	…	…	1	…	…

*NA: not applicable

Diagnosis:

Laboratories where diagnosis was made	Species examined	Diagnostic tests used	Date	Results
National Reference Centre for Diseases of Poultry and Rabbits, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Reference Lab)	goosander Mergus merganser	RT-PCR for detection of H5	26 Feb. 2006	positive for H5
European Union reference laboratory, Weybridge, United Kingdom	goosander Mergus merganser		26 Feb. 2006	pending (expected by 3 March 2006)

Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.

Control measures undertaken:

- control of wildlife reservoirs;

- movement control inside the country;

- screening;

- zoning.

Treatment of affected animals: no.

Vaccination prohibited: yes.

Other details/comments:

The outbreak was detected as part of a national monitoring programme for avian influenza in wild birds. A dead duck was found in the harbour of the city of Geneva.

Final report: no.

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MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN HUNGARY (IN WILDLIFE)

Immediate notification report

Information received on 28 February and 1 March 2006 from Dr Tibor Bálint, Chief Veterinary Officer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Budapest:

Report date: 28 February and 1 March 2006.

Reason for immediate notification: first occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country or zone/compartment.

Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.

Date of first confirmation of the event: 21 February 2006.

Date of start of the event: 4 February 2006.

Clinical disease: no.

Nature of diagnosis: laboratory.

Details of outbreak:

First administrative division (county)	Type of epide-miolo-gical unit	Name of the location	Date of start of the outbreak	Spe-cies	Number of animals in the outbreak
					susceptible	cases	deaths	destroyed	slaugh-tered
Bács-Kiskun	village	Nagybaracska	4 Feb. 2006	fau	…	5	5	…	…
Bács-Kiskun	village	Csátalja	4 Feb. 2006	fau	…	2	2	…	…

Description of affected population: mute swans (Cygnus olor).

Diagnosis:

Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed	Species examined	Diagnostic tests used	Date	Results
Central Veterinary Institute in Budapest	swans	- virus isolation - RT-PCR	15/20/21 Feb. 2006	positive for H5
Veterinary Laboratories Agency in Weybridge - OIE Reference Laboratory	swans	- RT-PCR	20/27 Feb. 2006	positive for H5N1

Source of outbreak or origin of infection: contact with wild animals.

Control measures undertaken:

- control of wildlife reservoirs;

- quarantine;

- movement control inside the country;

- screening;

- zoning.

Treatment of affected animals: no.

Vaccination prohibited: yes.

Final report: no.

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