[top]Disease Information
26 January 2006
Vol. 19 - No. 4Contents
HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN VIETNAM
Follow-up report No. 14b (covering the period from 1 July 2005 to 30 September 2005)See also: 21 December 2006, 21 September 2006, 31 August 2006, 23 February 2006, 26 January 2006, 2 December 2005
Information received on 14 January 2006 from Dr Bui Quang Anh, Director, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi:
This report covers the period between Follow-up report No. 14 (see Disease Information, 18 [26], 175, dated 1 July 2005) and Follow-up report No. 15 (see Disease Information, 18 [48], 469, dated 2 December 2005).
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus type H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 6 January 2004.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.
New outbreaks:
First administrative division Lower administrative division Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Bac Ninh Tien Son village Viet Doan 14 July 2005 avi 56 895 Bac Ninh Tien Son village Viet Doan 14 July 2005 avi 73 475 Ben Tre Binh Dai village Vang Quoi Dong 9 July 2005 avi 600 1,500 Ben Tre Binh Dai village Vang Quoi Dong 9 July 2005 avi 0 1,500 Binh Duong Di An village Binh Thang 9 Aug. 2005 avi 1,612 1,800 Can Tho TP. Can Tho village Binh Thuy 14 July 2005 avi 0 33 Can Tho TP. Can Tho village Binh Thuy 14 July 2005 avi 0 33 Dong Thap Tam Nong village TT. Tram Chim 13 July 2005 avi 15 15 Dong Thap TX. Cao Lanh village My Phu 13 July 2005 avi 0 285 Ha Giang Hoang Su Phi village Thang Tin avi 48 48 Ha Giang TX. Ha Giang village Kim Linh 21 July 2005 avi 91 91 Ha Giang TX. Ha Giang village P. Tran Phu avi 133 133 Nghe An Dien Chau village Dien Tho 23 Aug. 2005 avi 358 1,190 TP. Ha Noi Gia Lam village Cu Khoi 21 July 2005 avi 700 800 TP. Ha Noi Soc Son village Thanh Xuan avi 502 1,598 TP. Ha Noi Soc Son village Thanh Xuan avi 5 168 Affected population: small village poultry flocks (chickens and ducks).
Diagnosis:
Laboratories where diagnosis was made Diagnostic tests used Dates Results National Centre for Veterinary Diagnosis Regional Veterinary Centre, Can Tho Regional Veterinary Centre, Ho Chi Minh City Source of outbreaks: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures applied:
- stamping out;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishments.
Vaccination prohibited: no.
Final report: no.
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* *HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN VIETNAM
Follow-up report No. 16 (covering the period from 24 November 2005 to 23 January 2006)See also: 21 December 2006, 21 September 2006, 31 August 2006, 23 February 2006, 26 January 2006, 2 December 2005
Information received on 14 and 23 January 2006 from Dr Bui Quang Anh, Director, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi:
End of previous report period: 23 November 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [48], 469, dated 2 December 2005).
End of this report period: 23 January 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus type H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 6 January 2004.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.
Affected population: small village poultry flocks (chickens and ducks).
Diagnosis:
Laboratories where diagnosis was made Diagnostic tests used Dates Results National Centre for Veterinary Diagnosis - PCR(1);
- virus isolation.
positive Source of outbreaks: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures applied:
- stamping out;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishments.
Vaccination prohibited: no.
Final report: no.
(1) PCR: polymerase chain reaction
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* *VESICULAR STOMATITIS IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Follow-up report No. 28See also: 28 December 2006, 7 December 2006, 23 November 2006, 16 November 2006, 2 November 2006, 26 October 2006, 19 October 2006, 12 October 2006, 5 October 2006, 28 September 2006, 21 September 2006, 14 September 2006, 7 September 2006, 31 August 2006, 24 August 2006, 13 April 2006, 16 February 2006, 12 January 2006, 23 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 18 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 21 October 2005, 14 October 2005, 7 October 2005, 30 September 2005, 23 September 2005, 16 September 2005, 2 September 2005, 26 August 2005, 19 August 2005, 5 August 2005, 29 July 2005, 15 July 2005, 8 July 2005
Information received on 19 January 2006 from Dr Peter Fernandez, Associate Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Washington, DC:
End of previous report period: 31 December 2005 (see Disease Information, 19 [2], 20, dated 12 January 2006).
End of this report period: 15 January 2006.
No new outbreaks of vesicular stomatitis were reported during the two weeks under report.
Final report: no.
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* *AMERICAN FOULBROOD IN CHILE
Follow-up report No. 9See also: 30 March 2006, 2 March 2006, 12 January 2006, 23 December 2005, 16 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 2 December 2005, 25 November 2005, 18 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 28 October 2005
Translation of information received on 20 January 2006 from Dr Hernan Rojas Olavarria, Head, Division of Animal Protection, Livestock and Agriculture Service (SAG), Ministry of Agriculture, Santiago:
End of previous report period: 3 January 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [2], 21, dated 12 January 2006).
End of this report period: 20 January 2006.
Identification of agent: Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 20 October 2005.
Date of start of the event: 15 October 2005.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
New outbreaks:
First adminis-trative division Lower adminis-trative division Type of epide-miologi-cal unit Name of the location Latitude Longitude Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals* in the outbreaks suscep-tible cases destroyed V Region Panquehue apiary Panquehue 32Ί 45' 24.4550" S 70Ί 48' 13.2468" W 7 Dec. 2005 api 200 2 2 V Region San Felipe apiary San Felipe 32Ί 42' 22.6567" S 70Ί 40' 59.9883" W 28 Dec. 2005 api 60 2 2 V Region Putaendo apiary Casablanca 32Ί 30' 55.9700" S 70Ί 37' 58.1958" W 28 Dec. 2005 api 40 3 3 V Region San Felipe apiary Los Molles 32Ί 42' 22.2474" S 70Ί 39' 6.7329" W 30 Dec. 2005 api 69 7 7 V Region Panquehue apiary Panquehue 32Ί 45' 34.0250" S 70Ί 49' 12.1513" W 2 Jan. 2006 api 50 1 1 V Region Panquehue apiary Viña Errázuriz 32Ί 47' 18.2382" S 70Ί 53' 30.9860" W 3 Jan. 2006 api 20 1 1 V Region Santa María apiary Santa María 32Ί 45' 11.6589" S 70Ί 39' 27.0336" W 3 Jan. 2006 api 5 1 1 V Region Santa María apiary Santa Filomena 32Ί 41' 24.3658" S 70Ί 37' 11.4785" W 3 Jan. 2006 api 27 1 1 V Region San Felipe apiary Barrancas 32Ί 42' 22.2730" S 70Ί 45' 29.2532" W 5 Jan. 2006 api 17 1 1 V Region San Felipe apiary Hacienda Quilpué 32Ί 43' 49.6459" S 70Ί 43' 13.3769" W 6 Jan. 2006 api 24 17 17 * hives
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Diagnostic tests used Date Results Department of Laboratories and Plant and Animal Quarantine Stations, Lo Aguirre, Santiago de Chile (official SAG laboratory) PCR (polymerase chain reaction) 30 Dec. 2005 and 6 Jan. 2006 positive Source of new outbreaks: contact with affected hives.
Control measures undertaken:
- quarantine;
- partial stamping out for affected apiaries in V Region;
- movement control inside the country;
- zoning.
Final report: no.
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* *NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN BULGARIA
See also: 14 December 2006, 30 November 2006, 27 July 2006, 27 April 2006, 26 August 2005
(Date of previous outbreak of Newcastle disease in Bulgaria reported to the OIE: December 2004).
Immediate notification report
Information received on 24 January 2006 from Dr Nikola T. Belev, Delegate of Bulgaria to the OIE:
Report date: 23 January 2006.
Reason for immediate notification: re-occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country or zone/compartment following a report declaring the outbreak(s) ended.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 17 January 2006.
Date of start of the event: 15 January 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.
Details of outbreak:
First administrative division Lower administrative division Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Blagoevgrad Petrich village Gabrene 15 Jan. 2006 avi 158 24 18 140 0 Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results National Diagnostic Research Veterinary Medical Institute, Sofia avi - virus isolation in embryonated chicken eggs;
- haemagglutination inhibition test with positive Newcastle disease virus serum.
23 Jan. 2006 positive Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures undertaken:
- stamping out;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- zoning;
- vaccination;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s).
Vaccination in response to the outbreak:
First administrative division Species Total number of animals vaccinated Details of the vaccine Blagoevgrad avi 2,617 La Sota live vaccine Final report: no.
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* *HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN UKRAINE
Follow-up report No. 7See also: 28 September 2006, 13 July 2006, 29 June 2006, 22 June 2006, 16 March 2006, 23 February 2006, 9 February 2006, 2 February 2006, 19 January 2006, 12 January 2006, 5 January 2006, 30 December 2005, 30 December 2005, 16 December 2005, 9 December 2005
Information received on 25 January 2006 from Dr Ivan Yuriyovych Bisyuk, Head, State Department for Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agricultural Policy, Kiev:
End of previous report period: 19 January 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [3], 45, dated 19 January 2006).
End of this report period: 25 January 2006.
The State Veterinary Services of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, in collaboration with local authorities, have formed 143 groups to perform clinical examination of backyard poultry throughout the territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.
As of 24 January 2006, mechanical cleansing of premises has been completed in the farms Ptitsecomplex Ltd., Yugagro Ltd. and Poberezhye Ltd.
The total number of quarantine posts on the territory of the affected districts is 9 (4 posts in Feodosiya district, 4 posts in Kirovskiy district and 1 post in Dzhankoyskiy district).
Quarantine restrictions have been lifted in the following villages:
- Nekrasovka, Dmitrovka, Krasnoflotskoye, Sovetskoye, Chernozyomnoye, Prisivashnoye (Sovetskiy district);
- Izobilnoye, Akimovka, Yemelyanovka, Kirsanovka (Nizhnegorskiy district);
- Zavet-Leninskiy, Pushkino (Dzhankoyskiy district);
- Chernomorskoye, Khmelevo (Chernomorskiy district);
- Krepkoye (Krasnoperekopskiy district);
- Solnechnoye (Simferopolskiy district).
Final report: no.
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* *AFRICAN HORSE SICKNESS IN SWAZILAND
Follow-up report No. 1See also: 19 January 2006
Information received on 25 January 2006 from Dr Robert S. Thwala, Director, Department of Veterinary and Livestock Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, Mbabane:
End of previous report period: 11 January 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [3], 27, dated 19 January 2006).
End of this report period: 25 January 2006.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 20 January 2006.
Date of start of the event: 22 December 2005.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
Details of outbreak: no new clinical cases of African horse sickness have been reported since the first case, but mild swelling in places such as joints has been observed in one of the two horses in the affected farm.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, South Africa equ* complement fixation test 20 Jan. 2006 positive * The two horses remaining in the affected farm.
Control measures:
Owners of equines in the Mathanjeni diptank area have been advised to vaccinate at their own cost; meanwhile, a quarantine order is being enforced.
Vaccination in response to the outbreak:
Location Species Total number of animals vaccinated Details of the vaccine Mathanjeni diptank area equ 2 horses polyvalent live attenuated African horse sickness vaccine Other details/comments:
- None of the horses in the affected farm had a previous history of vaccination.
- The horses had been in the farm for more than three years.
Final report: no.
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* *FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN RUSSIA
See also: 23 December 2005, 25 November 2005, 16 September 2005
(Date of previous outbreak of foot and mouth disease in Russia reported to the OIE: December 2005).
Immediate notification report
Information received on 25 January 2006 from Dr Evgueny A. Nepoklonov, Head of the Main Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Moscow:
Report date: 20 January 2006.
Reason for immediate notification: re-occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a zone of the country.
Precise identification of agent: foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus serotype Asia1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 17 January 2006.
Date of start of the event: 12 January 2006.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
Details of the outbreak:
First administrative division (region) Lower administrative division (district) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Chitinskaya Kalgansky village Srednaya Borzya 12 Jan. 2006 bov 0 0 0 sui 0 0 0 Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Diagnostic tests used Date Results Federal Governmental Institution - Federal Centre for Animal Health (FGI ARRIAH), Vladimir (OIE Regional Reference Laboratory for FMD) - complement fixation test (CFT);
- ELISA(1);
- PCR(2)
17 Jan. 2006 positive Source of outbreak or origin of infection: under investigation.
Control measures
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- vaccination;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishments.
Other details/comments: the affected district borders the Peoples Republic of China.
(1) ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(2) PCR: polymerase chain reaction
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* *NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM/GREAT BRITAIN
Follow-up report No. 5 (final report - contd)See also: 30 November 2006, 23 November 2006, 16 November 2006, 9 November 2006, 2 November 2006, 26 October 2006, 19 October 2006, 26 August 2005, 19 August 2005, 12 August 2005, 29 July 2005, 22 July 2005
Information received on 25 January 2006 from Dr Debby Reynolds, Director General for Animal Health and Welfare, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), London:
End of previous report period: 25 August 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [34], 282, dated 26 August 2005).
End of this report period: 23 January 2006.
The Newcastle disease outbreak reported in pheasants in West Horsley was a single introduction of disease from a source outside the United Kingdom.
There have been no further outbreaks of Newcastle disease.
All poultry present on the infected holding were killed between 18 and 23 July 2005.
Since six months have now elapsed since stamping-out measures were applied to the affected holding, the United Kingdom should now be considered as free from Newcastle disease under the terms of Article 2.7.13.2. of the Terrestrial Animal Health Code (2005 edition).
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* *HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN TURKEY
Follow-up report No. 3See also: 17 August 2006, 18 May 2006, 11 May 2006, 27 April 2006, 20 April 2006, 13 April 2006, 6 April 2006, 30 March 2006, 23 March 2006, 9 March 2006, 2 March 2006, 2 March 2006, 23 February 2006, 2 February 2006, 19 January 2006, 12 January 2006, 30 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 18 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 14 October 2005, 14 October 2005
Information received on 25 January 2006 from Dr Nihat Pakdil, General Director of Protection and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ankara:
End of previous report period: 17 January 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [3], 35, dated 19 January 2006).
End of this report period: 25 January 2006.
Identification of agent: avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 26 December 2005.
Date of start of the event: 15 December 2005.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
Updated data for the following outbreaks:
First administra-tive division Lower administrative division Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Aydin Kusadasi village Turkmen 9 Jan. 2006 avi 7,548 4 4 7,544 0 Aydin Merkez village Çestepe 9 Jan. 2006 avi 4,559 3 3 4,556 0 Yozgat Sorgun village Agahefendi 8 Jan. 2006 avi 14,084 2 2 14,082 0 New outbreaks:
First administra-tive division Lower administrative division Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Aydin Kusadasi NA Turkmen fau(1) 2 2 Aydin Merkez NA Cesmetepe fau(2) 1 1 Diyarbakir Merkez village Surici 6 Jan. 2006 avi 5 5 Elazig Merkez village Karsiyaka 7 Jan. 2006 avi 2 2 Erzurum Merkes village Karayazi avi 226 226 Gumushane Torul village Tugrulbey avi Isparta Sakirkaraagac village Karakaya 7 Jan. 2006 avi 7,298 27 27 7,221 0 Istambul Umraniye village Alemag 19 Jan. 2006 avi 4 4 Izmir Bayindir village Yakindegirmen 9 Jan. 2006 avi 214 1 1 Karabuk Kayabasi NA 9 Jan. 2006 fau(3) 1 Karaman Cerit Köyü NA 9 Jan. 2006 fau(4) 1 Kars Merkez village 6 Jan 2006 avi 6 6 Kars Merkez village Bogatepe avi Kars Merkez village Bozkale avi Kars Merkez village Caglayan 9 Jan. 2006 avi .. ... Mugla Milas village Hisarcik 11 Jan. 2006 avi 1,986 6 6 1,980 0 Mugla Milas village Merkez 11 Jan. 2006 avi 8,262 2 2 8,260 0 Mus Malazgirt village Merkez 5 Jan. 2006 avi 15,253 4 4 15,249 0 Mus Merkez village Kirkoy 5 Jan. 2006 avi 854 3 3 851 0 Siirt Merkez village Gokcebag 9 Jan. 2006 avi 1,765 4 4 1,761 0 Siirt Pervari village Ormandali 9 Jan. 2006 avi 1,266 1 1 1,265 0 Tekirdag Corlu village Misinli 15 Jan 2006 avi * NA: not applicable
(1): 1 pigeon and 1 cormorant
(2): 1 dove
(3): 1 pigeon
(4): 1 wild duck
Map of confirmed outbreaks of avian influenza in domestic backyard flocks (as of 25 January 2006)
Description of affected population: all outbreaks in poultry occurred in backyard flocks which generally included chickens, geese, turkeys and ducks.
Laboratory confirmed diagnosis:
Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed Outbreak Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Bornova Veterinary Control and Research Institute (national reference laboratory) Merkez, Aydin* chicken and duck HI(1) 12 Jan. 2006 H5 Kusadasi chicken HI(1) 12 Jan. 2006 H5 Merkez, Diyarbakir chicken HI(1) 22 Jan. 2006 H5 Merkez, Elazik chicken HI(1) 22 Jan. 2006 H5 Karayazi, Erzurum chicken and goose HI(1) 22 Jan. 2006 H5 Torul, Gumushane chicken HI(1) 22 Jan. 2006 H5 Sakirkaragac, Isparta chicken HI(1) 22 Jan. 2006 H5 Umraniye, Istambul chicken HI(1) 19 Jan. 2006 H5 Bayindir, Izmir chicken HI(1) 22 Jan. 2006 H5 Merkez, Kars chicken HI(1) 22 Jan. 2006 H5 Merkez Caglayan, Kars chicken and turkey HI(1) 22 Jan. 2006 H5 Merkez Bogatepe, Kars chicken HI(1) 22 Jan. 2006 H5 Milas, Mugla chicken HI(1) 22 Jan. 2006 H5 Milas Hizarcik, Mugla chicken HI(1) 22 Jan. 2006 H5 Merkez Kirkoy, Mus chicken HI(1) 22 Jan. 2006 H5 Malazgirt, Mus chicken HI(1) 22 Jan. 2006 H5 Merkez Gokcebag, Siirt chicken HI(1) 20 Jan. 2006 H5 Pervari Ormandali, Siirt chicken HI(1) 22 Jan. 2006 H5 Sorgun, Yozgat* chicken HI(1) 12 Jan. 2006 H5 Pendik Veterinary Control and Research Institute Corlu, Tekirdag chicken HI(1) 19 Jan. 2006 H5 * Note by the OIE Animal Health Information Department: laboratory confirmation for the outbreaks published in the follow-up report No.2.
Source of outbreak or origin of infection: under investigation.
Control measures:
- stamping out;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s);
- dipping/spraying.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Final report: no.
(1) HI: haemagglutination inhibition test
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* *HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN THAILAND
Follow-up report No. 84See also: 16 November 2006, 3 August 2006, 27 July 2006, 6 April 2006, 16 February 2006, 2 February 2006, 19 January 2006, 12 January 2006, 23 December 2005, 16 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 2 December 2005, 25 November 2005, 18 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 21 October 2005, 14 October 2005, 7 October 2005, 30 September 2005, 23 September 2005, 16 September 2005, 9 September 2005, 2 September 2005, 26 August 2005, 19 August 2005, 12 August 2005, 29 July 2005, 22 July 2005, 15 July 2005
Information received on 26 January 2006 from Dr Yukol Limlamthong, Director General, Department of Livestock Development (DLD), Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok:
End of previous report period: 18 January 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [3], 47, dated 19 January 2006).
End of this report period: 25 January 2006.
No new outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza were reported during the week under report.
Final report: no.
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* *MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA SURVEILLANCE IN ARMENIA
Information received on 17 January 2006 from Dr Anoushavan Ambartsumovich Agadzhanian, Head of the State Veterinary Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Erevan:
Report date: 17 January 2006.
Armenia is safe with respect to avian influenza and implements all possible measures to prevent the spread of disease.
Since 2005, it is prohibited to import live poultry and their products from countries that are unprotected from avian influenza. Import routes require prior approval by the State Veterinary Inspection of Armenia. There are restrictions on the importation of products that could present a risk of virus spread.
State veterinary control has been strengthened at border control posts. Imported poultry and their products undergo laboratory control before sale. All vehicles entering Armenia are disinfected at border control posts.
The Ministry of Agriculture of Armenia has purchased a significant quantity of disinfection material, as well as influenza diagnostic kits.
The public are regularly informed, through mass media and posters, on the implementation of preventive measures.
Within the framework of the anti-epizootic measures financed by the State, the poultry in all border buffer zones of Armenia have been vaccinated against Newcastle disease. This will enable Newcastle disease to be ruled out in the event of mass morbidity and mortality. In the coming days, vaccination of poultry against Newcastle disease will also be completed in other regions of Armenia.
The Government of Armenia is undertaking activities to replenish the material and technical resources of the State Veterinary Inspection with assistance from international organisations; there is a particular need for diagnostic kits and laboratory equipment for PCR(1) and ELISA(2) tests, effective disinfectants and disinfection equipment, special clothing, as well as training for specialists.
(1) PCR: polymerase chain reaction
(2) ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
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* *MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA PREVENTION MEASURES IN GEORGIA
See also: 30 March 2006
Information received on 20 January 2006 from Dr Levan Ramishvili, Advisor of the Minister of Agriculture, Tbilisi:
Report date: 20 January 2006.
Since the beginning of the epizootic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in a number of countries, including the recent introduction into some neighbouring countries, Georgia has strengthened its measures to prevent the introduction and spread of the virus. A special governmental commission, headed by the Prime Minister of Georgia, has been created. The Ministry of Agriculture and the Veterinary Department have stepped up their activities. In each of the country's regions, provincial and district veterinary headquarters and offices are equipped with the latest disinfection techniques and materials, protective clothing, respirators, etc. Similar equipment has also been supplied to Veterinary Service posts at national borders. All vehicles entering Georgia are being disinfected.
Georgia has banned the importation or transit through its territory of live birds, hatching and table eggs and raw avian products from HPAI-infected countries. Headquarters and district veterinary offices are working round the clock conducting surveillance and monitoring the health status of bird populations and there are hotlines operating 24 hours a day throughout the country. Any birds showing suspicious clinical signs and any dead birds are investigated. Contingency measures are in place and can immediately be implemented on the spot by the highly qualified staff at veterinary offices.
Hunting of wild birds is prohibited throughout the country. In the case of birds found dead, samples are sent to Tbilisi Central Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis and Expertise. The laboratory is equipped with modern equipment and medical facilities. Diagnostic tests for HPAI and other infectious diseases are performed by highly qualified specialists.
To date, there have been no reports of clinical signs or laboratory evidence of HPAI in Georgia. All the appropriate actions are being taken, in accordance with OIE recommendations and in compliance with the provisions of the Terrestrial Animal Health Code.
We can therefore confirm that, to date, there has been no evidence of any cases of HPAI in Georgia.
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* *MISCELLANEOUS: HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN HONG KONG, SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (in a wild bird found dead)
See also: 23 March 2006
(Date of previous outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Hong Kong reported to the OIE: January 2005 [in a wild bird]).
Immediate notification report
Information received on 20 January 2006 from the Director of the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD), Hong Kong:
Report date: 20 January 2006.
Identification of agent: avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of start of the event: 10 January 2006.
Estimated date of first infection: 4 - 8 January 2006.
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory.
Details of outbreak:
First administrative division Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Latitude Longitude Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered New Territories NA* Tai Po 22o 27 00 N 114o 09 29 E fau 1 1 0 0 * NA: not applicable
Affected population: a single male adult Oriental magpie robin (Copsychus saularis).
Diagnosis: the bird was found dead on 10 January 2006 and was submitted for virological examination late that afternoon.
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Samples examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Tai Lung Veterinary Laboratory, AFCD cloacal and tracheal swabs - chicken embryo inoculation with haemagglutination inhibition testing by type specific reference antisera from CVL Weybridge;
- viral genome detection by real-time RT-PCR(1) tests using H5 specific primer sets from SEPRL, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;
- N1 typing by conventional RT-PCR following procedures from Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong (HKU).
The University of Hong Kong (HKU) Genetic sequencing of the haemagglutinin cleavage site and other genetic characterization. see genetic analysis report, below see genetic analysis report, below Source of agent / origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Other details/comments:
- Copsychus saularis is distributed in the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Indochina, the Philippines, the Andamans, Greater Sundas and southern China south of the Yangtze River. This bird is a common resident in Hong Kong. It inhabits a wide range of habitats such as gardens/parks, villages, secondary forests, open forests and mangroves. Insects are the main diet of the bird.
- All poultry farms within 5 km of where the Oriental magpie robin was found have been checked and no unusual mortality or illness was detected. An intensive surveillance system is in place on all poultry farms and other locations.
- Local poultry farms are routinely under a constant monitoring and surveillance programme involving serological and virological testing and have individual farm biosecurity plans, which include bird proofing of all sheds. All chicken farms are routinely vaccinated with inactivated H5N2 vaccine and each batch of chickens has 60 unvaccinated individually identified sentinels, which are monitored over the production life of the batch.
- Extensive virus culture and surveillance is conducted in wholesale and retail poultry markets and in bird parks and wild bird populations throughout Hong Kong. In 2005, over 9,800 faecal or cloacal/tracheal swabs from local poultry farms, 14,100 from wholesale or retail live poultry markets, 2,900 from waterfowl and aviaries in recreational parks, 3,000 from pet bird shops and markets and 9,000 from wild birds were tested in Hong Kong as part of the avian influenza surveillance programme. The only case of H5N1 infection detected was the Chinese pond heron reported on 14 January 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [2], 18). In the past three months, over 1,600 wild bird carcasses collected from various locations were tested and the only positive case was this one. There were no reports of unusual mortality in wild birds. On-going territory-wide surveillance is continuing.
Genetic analysis report
Information received on 25 January 2006 from the Director of the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD), Hong Kong:
The virus was confirmed as a highly pathogenic H5N1 isolate by PCR(2) and sequencing of the HA connecting peptide region. Molecular analysis showed that the HA protein of A/MRb/HK/75/06 [H5N1] has the multiple basic amino acids to satisfy the motif of a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus for chickens, but there is a deletion in the second to last position of the connecting peptide (LRERRRK-R).
Phylogenetic analysis showed that A/MRb/HK/75/06 [H5N1] belongs to H5N1 genotype V, which has previously been recorded in southern China, Japan and South Korea. Genotype V differs from the dominant genotype Z, which is widespread throughout Asia, in the source of the PA gene(3). The H5-HA gene of this virus has high homology (98%) to the HA gene of A/Dk/Hunan/5806/03 [H5N1].
There are no changes from A/Gs/GD/1/96 at the receptor binding sites of the haemagglutinin. The NA gene has the 20 amino acid deletion that is characteristic of genotype Z H5N1 viruses. The M gene has Ser at position 31 and has no other mutations that are known to confer amantadine resistance. The NS1 gene has the 5 amino acid deletion seen in genotype Z viruses and has Asp at position 92. The PB2 gene has Glu at position 627.
(1) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
(2) PCR: polymerase chain reaction
(3) Li, K.S., Guan, Y., Wang, J., et al. Genesis of a highly pathogenic and potentially pandemic H5N1 influenza virus in eastern Asia. Nature 430: 209-213 (2004).
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© 2004 OIE
World Animal Health Organisation