[top]Disease Information
30 December 2005
Vol. 18 - No. 52Contents
HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN UKRAINE
Follow-up report No. 2See also: 28 September 2006, 13 July 2006, 29 June 2006, 22 June 2006, 16 March 2006, 23 February 2006, 9 February 2006, 2 February 2006, 26 January 2006, 19 January 2006, 12 January 2006, 5 January 2006, 30 December 2005, 16 December 2005, 9 December 2005
Information received on 23 December 2005 from Dr Petr I. Verbytskiy, Head, State Department for Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agricultural Policy, Kiev:
End of previous report period: 10 December 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [50], 506, dated 16 December 2005).
End of this report period: 21 December 2005.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 2 December 2005.
Date of start of the event: 25 November 2005.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.
Updated data on outbreaks reported previously:
First administrative division Lower administrative division (district) Type of epidemiological unit Name of the location Latitude Longitude Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Crimea* Dzhankoyskiy village Pushkino 45Ί 50 N 34Ί 24 E 25 Nov. 2005 avi 1,800 63 63 1,502 0 Crimea* Dzhankoyskiy village Zavet-Leninskoe 45Ί 51 N 34Ί 24 E 25 Nov. 2005 avi 4,222 389 389 1,737 0 Crimea* Feodosiya village Primorske** 45Ί 32 N 35Ί 30 E 9 Dec. 2005 avi 1 1 0 0 Crimea* Nizhnegorskiy village Akimivka 45Ί 30 N 34Ί 51 E 7 Dec. 2005 avi 5,513 14 14 5,499 0 Crimea* Nizhnegorskiy village Izobilnoe 45Ί 35 N 34Ί 58 E 25 Nov. 2005 avi 3,800 345 345 6,096 0 Crimea* Nizhnegorskiy village Khlebnoye** 45Ί 24 N 34Ί 52 E 7 Dec. 2005 avi 3,367 1 1 0 0 Crimea* Nizhnegorskiy village Kirsanovka 45Ί 29 N 34Ί 51 E 7 Dec. 2005 avi 1,624 4 4 0 0 Crimea* Nizhnegorskiy village Yemelyanovka 45Ί 31 N 34Ί 55 E 25 Nov. 2005 avi 4,000 265 265 3,735 0 Crimea* Nizhnegorskiy village Zorkino 45Ί 33 N 34Ί 42 E 7 Dec. 2005 avi 4,872 6 6 4,215 0 Crimea* Sovetskiy village Chornozemne 45Ί 24 N 34Ί 48 E 7 Dec. 2005 avi 3,923 22 22 2,547 0 Crimea* Sovetskiy village Dmytrivka 45Ί 29 N 35Ί 04 E 7 Dec. 2005 avi 8,100 26 26 6,224 0 Crimea* Sovetskiy village Krasnoflotske 45Ί 22 N 34Ί 57 E 7 Dec. 2005 avi 5,500 4 4 3,507 0 Crimea* Sovetskiy village Nekrasovka 45Ί 27 N 35Ί 00 E 25 Nov. 2005 avi 6,076 1,210 1,210 4,866 0 Crimea* Sovetskiy village Sovetske 45Ί 20 N 34Ί 55 E 7 Dec. 2005 avi 1,503 1 1 2,821 0 * Autonomous Republic of Crimea
** In locations marked with **, clinical disease was reported in poultry. Laboratory tests are being conducted simultaneously at the Republic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Simferopol, and at the Central State Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Kiev.
A total of 20,256 birds were destroyed around the outbreaks.
Invalidation of a suspected outbreak:
Laboratory tests of 14 and 18 December 2005 showed negative results in samples from Simferopol district (suspected outbreak reported in Follow-up report No. 1).
New outbreaks:
First administrative division Lower administrative division (district) Type of epidemiological unit Name of the location Latitude Longitude Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Crimea* Chernomorskiy village Chernomorskiy 13 Dec. 2005 avi 5,708 3 3 63 0 Crimea* Chernomorskiy village Khmelevo 13 Dec. 2005 avi 1,459 5 5 4 0 Crimea* Chernomorskiy village Maryino** 13 Dec. 2005 avi 604 5 5 0 0 Crimea* Krasnoperekopskiy village Krasnoperekopsk** 12 Dec. 2005 avi 12 12 0 0 Crimea* Krasnoperekopskiy village Krepkoye 18 Dec. 2005 avi 7 7 0 0 Crimea* Sovetskiy village Prisivashnoye 15 Dec. 2005 avi 2,257 15 15 1,298 0 Crimea* Sovetskiy village Razdolnoye** 16 Dec. 2005 avi 5,037 1 1 0 0 Crimea* Sovetskiy village Urozhaynoye avi 6,924 no clinical cases 0 4,267 0 Crimea* Sovetskiy village Zavetnoye** 10 Dec. 2005 avi 13,160 10 10 0 0 * Autonomous Republic of Crimea
** In locations marked with **, clinical disease was reported in poultry. Laboratory tests are being conducted simultaneously at the Republic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Simferopol, and at the Central State Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Kiev.
Diagnosis:
Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed Samples examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Federal Centre for Animal Health (FGI-ARRIAH), Russia samples from chickens, turkeys, ducks and geese influenza A antigen capture test strip 12 Dec. 2005 Detection of avian influenza virus type A in 7 samples. Federal Centre for Animal Health (FGI-ARRIAH), Russia samples from chickens, turkeys, ducks and geese PCR(1) for H, N and M genes 12 Dec. 2005 Detection of avian influenza virus subtype H5N1. Federal Centre for Animal Health (FGI-ARRIAH), Russia samples from chickens, turkeys, ducks and geese haemagglutination inhibition test using reference antisera to H5/N7 12 Dec. 2005 Negative. Federal Centre for Animal Health (FGI-ARRIAH), Russia samples from chickens, turkeys, ducks and geese virus isolation in 11 SPF(2) embryonated eggs 12 Dec. 2005 Death of embryos was registered in 48 hours. Extraembryonic fluid of 8 samples contained haemagglutinating agent with titres from 1:8 to 1:1024. Federal Centre for Animal Health (FGI-ARRIAH), Russia samples from chickens, turkeys, ducks and geese molecular sequencing 12 Dec. 2005 Cleavage site sequence: RERRRKKRGLF
Comparative analysis of a sequence length of HA gene showed a relationship to isolates 2003-2005, lineage A/Bar-headedGoose/Qinghai/12/05 detected in South-East Asia.
VLA-Weybridge, United Kingdom, OIE Reference Laboratory for avian influenza samples from chickens and ducks virus isolation in embryonated eggs 19 Dec. 2005 Samples from Sovetskiy district (chicken) and Dzhankoy district (chickens and duck) produced haemagglutinating agents, identified as avian influenza A subtype H5N1. VLA-Weybridge, United Kingdom, OIE Reference Laboratory for avian influenza samples from chickens and ducks RT-PCR(3) 19 Dec. 2005 Sequences are: PQGERRRKKRGLF. Closest related to isolates from current outbreaks in Novosibirsk, Russia, and Qinghai, People's Republic of China. Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: contact with wild birds.
Control measures undertaken:
- control of wildlife reservoirs;
- stamping out;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishments.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Final report: no.
(1) PCR: polymerase chain reaction
(2) SPF: specific pathogen-free
(3) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
*
* *HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN UKRAINE
Follow-up report No. 3See also: 28 September 2006, 13 July 2006, 29 June 2006, 22 June 2006, 16 March 2006, 23 February 2006, 9 February 2006, 2 February 2006, 26 January 2006, 19 January 2006, 12 January 2006, 5 January 2006, 30 December 2005, 16 December 2005, 9 December 2005
Translation of information received on 26 December 2005 from Dr Petr I. Verbytskiy, Head, State Department for Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agricultural Policy, Kiev:
End of previous report period: 21 December 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [52], 535, dated 30 December 2005).
End of this report period: 26 December 2005.
The State Veterinary Services of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, in collaboration with local authorities, have formed 146 groups to perform clinical examination of backyard poultry throughout the territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.
Between 5 and 25 December 2005, 311,075 holdings in 2,809 villages were inspected (4,471,688 birds of different species).
New suspected outbreaks:
First administrative division Lower administrative division (district) Type of epidemiological unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the suspected outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Crimea* Alushta village Privetnoye avi 5 Crimea* Belogorskiy village Vasilyevka avi 13 Crimea* Nizhnegorskiy village Nezhinskoye avi 3 Crimea* Sudak village avi 3 * Autonomous Republic of Crimea
Situation as of 26 December 2005, at 6 a.m.
As of 26 December 2005, at 6 a.m., the National Veterinary Service of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, in cooperation with services of the Ministry of Emergencies, had taken measures to eradicate outbreaks (click here).
Final disinfection has been completed in the following villages:
- Pushkino, Zavet-Leninskiy (Dzhankoyskiy district);
- Akimovka, Izobilnoye (Nizhnegorskiy district);
- Dmitrovka, Nekrasovka, Prisivashnoye, Urozhaynoye (Sovetskiy district).
As of 26 December 2005, at 6 a.m., a total of 69,662 poultry had been seized and destroyed in the affected villages, according to data provided by the Ministry of Emergencies.
The total number of quarantine posts on the territory of the affected districts is 26 (10 posts in Sovetskiy district, 7 posts in Nizhnegorskiy district, 4 posts in Chernomorskiy district, 3 posts in Dzhankoyskiy district, and 2 posts in Krasnoperekopskiy district).
*
* *NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN TURKEY
Follow-up report No. 1 (final report)See also: 14 December 2006, 30 November 2006, 9 November 2006, 21 September 2006, 27 July 2006, 11 May 2006, 9 March 2006, 9 February 2006, 9 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 11 November 2005
Information received on 26 December 2005 from Dr Nihat Pakdil, General Director of Protection and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ankara:
End of previous report period: 6 December 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [49], 502, dated 9 December 2005).
End of this report period: 22 December 2005.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 16 November 2005.
Date of start of the event: 12 November 2005.
Details of outbreak (corrected data):
First administrative division Lower administrative division Type of epidemiological unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Ankara Polatli village Gumusyaka 12 Nov. 2005 avi 540* 280 280 260 0 * 430 hens and 110 turkeys
Source of outbreak or origin of infection: introduction of new animals/animal products.
Control measures undertaken:
- stamping out;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- zoning;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishments.
Other details/comments:
- In this outbreak, a total of 280 birds died (230 hens and 50 turkeys) and the remaining 260 birds (200 hens and 60 turkeys) were culled. All carcasses were buried the same day with lime in two pits dug in situ.
- Clinical surveillance was carried out in the outbreak zone.
- Biosecurity measures were increased.
- Public awareness was raised and training sessions were conducted.
Final report: yes.
*
* *HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN TURKEY
See also: 17 August 2006, 18 May 2006, 11 May 2006, 27 April 2006, 20 April 2006, 13 April 2006, 6 April 2006, 30 March 2006, 23 March 2006, 9 March 2006, 2 March 2006, 2 March 2006, 23 February 2006, 2 February 2006, 26 January 2006, 19 January 2006, 12 January 2006, 9 December 2005, 18 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 14 October 2005, 14 October 2005
Immediate notification report
Information received on 27 December 2005 from Dr Nihat Pakdil, General Director of Protection and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ankara:
Report date: 27 December 2005.
Reason for immediate notification: re-occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country or zone/compartment following a report declaring the outbreak(s) ended.
Identification of agent: avian influenza virus subtype H5.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 26 December 2005.
Date of start of the event: 15 December 2005.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
Details of outbreak:
First administrative division Lower administrative division Type of epidemiological unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Igdir province Aralik village Köprüler 15 Dec. 2005 avi 1,559 1,200 1,200 359 0 Description of affected population: the outbreak occurred in four backyard flocks which included chickens, geese, turkeys and ducks. Dead birds were generally over one year old.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Bornova Veterinary Control and Research Institute (national reference laboratory) chickens and ducks rapid test 23 Dec. 2005 positive - virus isolation;
- haemagglutination test.
26 Dec. 2005 positive haemagglutination inhibition test 26 Dec. 2005 H5 Source of outbreak or origin of infection: under investigation.
Control measures undertaken:
- Stamping out policy. A total of 359 poultry (215 chickens, 80 ducks, 35 geese and 29 turkeys) kept outdoors were culled, with compensation for the owners. All carcasses were buried with lime in three pits dug in situ.
- Quarantine.
- Movement control inside the country.
- Disinfection of infected premises/establishments.
- National and Local Disease Control Centres were activated.
- Protection and surveillance zones were established.
- Clinical surveillance has been continued.
- Biosecurity measures have been increased.
- Public awareness is being raised and training sessions are being conducted.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Other details/comments:
- There are no poultry flocks within the 3-km-radius zone around the outbreak.
- Igdir province is situated in the eastern part of Turkey. The region is on one of the main routes for migratory birds passing through Anatolia.
- The outbreak is 7 km from the border with Armenia, 15 km from the border with Iran, and 40 km from the border with the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, Azerbaijan.
Final report: no.
*
* *HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN RUSSIA
Follow-up report No. 5See also: 21 October 2005, 14 October 2005, 26 August 2005, 12 August 2005, 5 August 2005, 29 July 2005
Information received on 27 December 2005 from Dr Evgueny A. Nepoklonov, Head of the Main Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Moscow:
End of previous report period: 19 October 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [42], 364, dated 21 October 2005).
End of this report period: 22 December 2005.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus subtype H5N1 (see 'Diagnosis' -below).
Date of first confirmation of the event: 23 July 2005.
Date of start of the event: 18 July 2005.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.
Up to 22 December 2005, a total of 62 sites in 10 regions were confirmed as having been infected with HPAI virus.
During the current reporting period, two outbreaks of HPAI were registered in wild birds (swans), one in Kalmykia Republic and the other in Astrakhan Region. The dates of confirmation of diagnosis and identification of the infectious agent as H5N1 at the Federal Centre for Animal Health (ARRIAH) were 7 December 2005 and 12 December 2005, respectively. Restriction measures were implemented in villages located close to migratory stations of waterfowl to prevent the spread of the virus to poultry.
In poultry (backyards), no further outbreaks occurred after 28 October 2005. Restrictions have been lifted in all areas, with the exception of one poultry farm in Kurgan region. As soon as the outbreak at this farm was suspected, movement restrictions were implemented. Laboratory tests at the ARRIAH confirmed the outbreak as HPAI on 8 October 2005. All birds in the infected farm were destroyed in 10 days. No birds have been kept on the farm since 20 October 2005. Cleaning and disinfection of the affected premises and territory are still in progress due to the large size of the farm. Quarantine has not yet been lifted.
Summary of outbreaks by first administrative division (click here)
Diagnosis:
Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed Diagnostic tests used Dates Federal Centre for Animal Health (FGI-ARRIAH), Vladimir (national reference laboratory for avian influenza) - PCR(1);
- sequencing of HA cleavage site;
- virus isolation;
- haemagglutination test (HA);
- haemagglutination inhibition test (HI);
- ELISA(2);
- antigen detection (influenza A antigen capture test strip).
22 July 2005 - 12 Dec. 2005 All-Russia State Research Institute for Control, Standardisation and Certification of Veterinary Preparations, Moscow (FGI-VGNCI) - PCR(1);
- HA;
- HI.
The State Scientific Centre for Virology and Biotechnology, Novosibirsk (NPC Vector) - PCR(1);
- sequencing of HA cleavage site;
- virus isolation;
- HA;
- HI.
Novosibirsk Inter-Regional Veterinary Laboratory (FGI-NIVL) - PCR(1);
- ELISA(2);
- HI.
Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Moscow (CNIVL) - PCR(1);
- ELISA(2);
- HI.
Altay Territory Veterinary Laboratory (AKVL) HI Tiumen Region Veterinary Laboratory (TOVL) HI Chelyabinsk Inter-Regional Veterinary Laboratory (FGI-TIVL) HI Saratov Inter-Regional Veterinary Laboratory HI Molecular analysis of the haemagglutinin cleavage site of the virus showed the HPAI virus sequence GERRRKKRGLF. All cleavage site sequences from the current H5N1 outbreaks in Russia are identical.
Phylogenetic trees constructed with the Kitsch program (PHYLIP v. 3.5) from fragments of nucleotides of the HA gene (801-1113 n) (see Fig. 1: Phylogenetic tree. HA gene ) and NA gene (605-937 n) (see Fig. 2: Phylogenetic tree. NA gene) of Russian isolates of the year 2005 and isolates belonging to the line A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 H5N1 show sequence similarity with the A/Qinghai/05 H5N1 group of isolates.
Control measures applied:
- stamping out applied to all birds within the affected village/farm or a separate part of the affected village;
- movement restrictions;
- quarantine;
- disinfection.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
(1) PCR: polymerase chain reaction
(2) ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Details of HPAI outbreaks by district (click here)
Details of areas where HPAI has been suspected but not confirmed (click here)
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* *NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN ROMANIA
Follow-up report No. 4See also: 21 December 2006, 2 November 2006, 15 June 2006, 6 April 2006, 9 March 2006, 23 February 2006, 2 February 2006, 19 January 2006, 5 January 2006, 16 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 2 December 2005, 25 November 2005
Information received on 27 December 2005 from Dr Gabriel Predoi, Director General, National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority, Bucharest:
End of previous report period: 15 December 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [50], 517, dated 16 December 2005).
End of this report period: 27 December 2005.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 14 October 2005.
Date of start of the event: 15 September 2005.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.
New outbreaks:
First administrative division (County) Lower administrative division Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Arges Oarja Oarja 7 Dec. 2005 avi 1 0 Calarasi Calarasi Calarasi 1 Dec. 2005 avi 24 21 21 3 0 Ilfov Dascalu Dascalu 5 Dec. 2005 avi 145 145 145 0 0 Ilfov Voluntari Voluntari 5 Dec. 2005 avi 43 43 43 0 0 Ilfov Voluntari Voluntari 6 Dec. 2005 avi 10 6 8 2 0 Ilfov Voluntari Voluntari 6 Dec. 2005 avi 33 28 28 5 0 Mures Cipau Cipau 6 Dec. 2005 avi 44 25 25 19 0 Description of affected population: the affected hen in Oarja, Arges county, was found dead on wasteland. In the other outbreaks, the affected poultry (hens) were detected in backyard premises.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Outbreak Samples examined Diagnostic test used Date Results Institute for Diagnostic and Animal Health (National Reference Laboratory) Oarja 5 cloacal swabs sampled from 1 hen corpse - ICPI(1) test on day-old SPF(2) chicks;
- virus isolation in embryonated SPF eggs.
20 Dec. 2005 ICPI=1.69;
positive
Calarasi 3 cloacal swabs, 3 tracheal swabs and 3 samples consisting of organs from 3 hen corpses - ICPI(1) test on day-old SPF(2) chicks;
- virus isolation in embryonated SPF eggs.
20 Dec. 2005 ICPI=1.68;
positive
Dascalu organs sampled from 4 hen corpses - ICPI(1) test on day-old SPF(2) chicks;
- virus isolation in embryonated SPF eggs.
20 Dec. 2005 ICPI=1.76;
positive
Voluntari organs sampled from 3 hen corpses - ICPI(1) test on day-old SPF(2) chicks;
- virus isolation in embryonated SPF eggs.
12 Dec. 2005 ICPI=1.70;
positive
Voluntari organs sampled from 1 hen corpse - ICPI(1) test on day-old SPF(2) chicks;
- virus isolation in embryonated SPF eggs.
12 Dec. 2005 ICPI=1.68;
positive
Voluntari organs sampled from 1 hen corpse - ICPI(1) test on day-old SPF(2) chicks;
- virus isolation in embryonated SPF eggs.
20 Dec. 2005 ICPI=1.73;
positive
Cipau 15 samples of organs from 5 hen corpses, 15 tracheal swabs and 25 cloacal swabs - ICPI(1) test on day-old SPF(2) chicks;
- virus isolation in embryonated SPF eggs.
20 Dec. 2005 ICPI=1.71;
positive
Source of new outbreaks: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures
A. Undertaken:
- partial stamping out;
- quarantine;
- movement control;
- screening;
- zoning;
- disinfection of infected premises.
B. To be undertaken:
- control of wildlife reservoirs.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: no.
Other details/comments:
- In Dascalu, the disease appeared in vaccinated flocks (the vaccine was probably not of the appropriate quality).
- At the moment of the epidemiological investigations, no live poultry were found in any of the three affected backyard premises in Dascalu or the three affected household premises in Voluntari (all poultry were dead).
- Quarantine, movement control and disinfection of backyard premises were instituted immediately in accordance with the national legal provisions in force.
Final report: no.
(1) ICPI: intracerebral pathogenicity index
(2) SPF: specific pathogen free
*
* *NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN SWEDEN
See also: 23 November 2006, 15 June 2006, 2 March 2006, 16 February 2006, 19 January 2006, 19 January 2006, 23 December 2005
(Date of previous outbreak of Newcastle disease in Sweden reported to the OIE: November 2005).
Immediate notification report
Information received on 28 December 2005 from Dr Leif Denneberg, Chief Veterinary Officer, Swedish Board of Agriculture (SBA), Jönköping:
Report date: 28 December 2005.
Reason for immediate notification: re-occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country or zone/compartment following a report declaring the outbreak(s) ended.
Precise identification of agent: paramyxovirus type 1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 27 December 2005.
Date of start of the event: 9 December 2005.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory.
Details of outbreak:
First administrative division Type of epidemiological unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered County of Skåne farm Norra Skravlinge, Billeberga 9 Dec. 2005 avi 18,900 300 300 18,600 0 Description of affected population: laying hens.
Diagnosis:
Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala avi - polymerase chain reaction (PCR);
- virus isolation;
- haemagglutination inhibition test.
27 Dec. 2005 positive - molecular sequencing. 27 Dec. 2005 RRQRR*FIG On 27 December 2005, samples were sent to VLA-Weybridge, United Kingdom (OIE Reference Laboratory for avian influenza).
Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures undertaken:
- stamping out;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishment.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
*
* *FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN ISRAEL
Follow-up report No. 1See also: 2 February 2006, 23 December 2005
Information received on 29 December 2005 from Dr Moshe Chaimovitz, Director of Veterinary and Animal Health Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Beit-Dagan:
End of previous report period: 20 December 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [51], 522, dated 23 December 2005).
End of this report period: 29 December 2005.
Precise identification of agent: foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus serotype O.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 20 December 2005.
Date of start of the event: 19 December 2005.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
Details of the outbreak (data corrected and updated):
First administrative division Lower administrative division Type of epidemiological unit Name of the location Latitude Longitude Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered HaTsafon region Tsefat district farm Senir 33.23 N 35.67 E 19 Dec. 2005 bov 1,670 54 0 0 0 In the affected feedlot, more young steers were found with clinical signs. In total, 29 steer calves were infected.
After a thorough investigation, 25 pregnant heifers in an adjacent pasture unit of the same farm were also found to be positive for FMD. The affected heifers showed very mild clinical signs. It seems that the infection started among them at the same time as the first infection occurred in the feedlot.
In total, 54 cattle were found to be infected. Probang and blood samples from the affected heifers were positive for FMD virus type O, as were the calves reported previously.
An epidemiological survey did not reveal any additional cases within a 10-km radius of the outbreak.
Final report: no.
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* *HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN ROMANIA
Follow-up report No. 14See also: 2 March 2006, 23 February 2006, 16 February 2006, 19 January 2006, 5 January 2006, 23 December 2005, 16 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 2 December 2005, 2 December 2005, 25 November 2005, 18 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 21 October 2005, 21 October 2005, 14 October 2005, 14 October 2005
Information received on 28 and 29 December 2005 from Dr Gabriel Predoi, Director General, National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority, Bucharest:
End of previous report period: 21 December 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [51], 526, dated 23 December 2005).
End of this report period: 29 December 2005.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus serotype H5.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 7 October 2005.
Date of start of the event: 4 October 2005.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
Details of outbreaks:
First administrative division (county) Lower administrative division (district) Name of the location (village) Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Braila Dudesti Tataru 14 Dec. 2005 avi 295 73 67 228 Braila Dudesti Tataru 20 Dec. 2005 avi 141 32 97 Braila Zavoaia Zavoaia 19 Dec. 2005 avi 73 18 6 67 Calarasi Modelu Tonea 13 Dec. 2005 avi 80 69 66 14 Calarasi Stefan Voda Stefan Voda 20 Dec. 2005 avi 102 31 31 71 Ialomita Albesti Albesti 24 Dec. 2005 avi 82 19 14 68 Ialomita Albesti Marsilieni 16 Dec. 2005 avi 488 23 23 465 Ialomita Reviga Rovine 15 Dec. 2005 avi 220 52 52 168 Ialomita Stelnica Stelnica 20 Dec. 2005 avi 112 6 6 106 Ialomita Traian Traian 19 Dec. 2005 avi 36 16 16 20 Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Location of the outbreaks Samples examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Institute for Diagnostics and Animal Health (national reference laboratory) Tataru village Samples taken from 2 hens, consisting of complete organs. a. RT-PCR(1);
b. virus isolation in SPF(2) embryonated eggs.
21 Dec. 2005 a. Positive;
b. Positive for HPAI subtype H5.
Tataru village Samples taken from 3 backyard premises; there were, in total, 5 poultry: 3 hens, 1 turkey hen and 1 duck. Samples were: cloacal swabs and organs from all 5 poultry. a. RT-PCR(1);
b. virus isolation in embryonated eggs;
c. Rapid test for diagnosis of HPAI.
28 Dec. 2005 a. Positive;
b. Positive for HPAI subtype H5;
c. positive.
Zavoaia village Organs sampled from 3 poultry: 1 hen, 1 turkey hen and 1 guinea-fowl. a. RT-PCR(1);
b. virus isolation in embryonated eggs.
28 Dec. 2005 a. Positive;
b. Positive for HPAI subtype H5.
Tonea village Organs taken from 1 hen and 1 turkey hen. a. RT-PCR(1);
b. virus isolation in embryonated eggs;
c. Rapid test for diagnosis of HPAI.
21 Dec. 2005 a. Positive;
b. Positive for HPAI subtype H5;
c. positive.
Stefan Voda village Organs taken from 3 hens and 5 cloacal swabs taken from 5 hens. a. RT-PCR(1);
b. virus isolation in embryonated eggs.
23 Dec. 2005 a. Positive;
b. Positive for HPAI subtype H5.
Albesti village 10 samples: organs from 5 hens (5 samples) and 5 brain samples from the same 5 hens. a. RT-PCR(1);
b. virus isolation in embryonated eggs.
27 Dec. 2005 a. positive;
b. positive for HPAI subtype H5.
Marsilieni village Organs taken from 2 hens. a. RT-PCR(1);
b. virus isolation in embryonated eggs.
22 Dec. 2005 a. positive;
b. positive for HPAI subtype H5.
Rovine village 10 samples: 3 tracheal swabs, 5 cloacal swabs, organs and blood taken from 1 hen. a. RT-PCR(1);
b. virus isolation in embryonated eggs.
20 Dec. 2005 a. positive;
b. positive for HPAI subtype H5.
Stelnica village Organs taken from 3 hens, and organs taken from 4 hens and 1 turkey hen. a. Rapid test for diagnosis of HPAI;
b. virus isolation in embryonated eggs.
23 Dec. 2005 a. positive;
b. positive for HPAI subtype H5.
Traian village Organs taken from 4 hens and 4 ducks. a. Rapid test for diagnosis of HPAI;
b. virus isolation in embryonated eggs.
21 Dec. 2005 a. positive;
b. positive for HPAI subtype H5.
Origin of infection: contact with wild birds.
Control measures
A. Undertaken:
- partial stamping out;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishments.
B. To be undertaken:
- control of wildlife reservoirs.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: no.
Other details/comments:
Location of the outbreaks Control measures Epidemiology Tataru Control measures applied to entire village; at 19 Dec. 2005, partial stamping out had been applied, with 965 poultry being culled from 62 backyard premises. In the vicinity of Tataru village there are two lakes frequented by migratory birds. Zavoaia Control measures applied to entire village; at 20 Dec. 2005, 321 poultry had been culled from 7 backyard premises. In the vicinity of Zavoaia, there are three lakes. Tonea Control measures in accordance with the legislative provisions in force; partial stamping out. A census has been made of poultry in the entire village: 210 backyard premises with 11,521 poultry.
Stefan Voda Control measures have been applied in the entire locality and partial stamping out has been applied to the infected premises and to the neighbouring backyard premises. The village is located in an area frequented by migratory birds. Albesti Control measures applied to entire village; partial stamping out applied to 4,096 poultry from 87 backyard premises. Marsilieni 8,508 poultry were culled from the 222 backyard premises (entire village). Rovine Control measures applied to entire village; partial stamping out applied to 822 poultry from 26 backyard premises. Stelnica Control measures applied to entire village; partial stamping out applied to 2,850 poultry from 76 backyard premises. Traian Control measures applied to entire village; partial stamping out applied to 944 poultry from 33 backyard premises. The village is in the vicinity of a few lakes, where there are over 2,300 Anser albifrons. Final report: no.
(1) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
(2) SPF: specific pathogen-free
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