[top]Disease Information
25 November 2005
Vol. 18 - No. 47Contents
NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN FRANCE IN PIGEONS
Follow-up report No. 1 (confirmation of diagnosis)See also: 9 November 2006, 12 October 2006, 23 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 18 November 2005, 11 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 26 August 2005, 5 August 2005, 29 July 2005, 22 July 2005
Translation of information received on 18 November 2005 from Dr Monique Eloit, Deputy Director General, General Directorate for Food (DGAL), Ministry of Agriculture, Food, Fisheries and Rural Affairs, Paris:
End of previous report period: 8 November 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [45], 423, dated 11 November 2005).
End of this report period: 18 November 2005.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 7 November 2005.
Date of start of the event: 31 October 2005.
Diagnosis (updated information):
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Diagnostic tests used Date Results Côtes-d'Armor Department Laboratory - haemagglutination inhibition test;
- virus isolation.
7 Nov. 2005 positive for APMV1 … intracerebral pathogenicity index test 17 Nov. 2005 ICPI=1.04 AFSSA(1) Ploufragan (national reference laboratory) sequencing … * * Amino acid sequence at the fusion protein cleavage site:
112 116 117 S G G R R Q K R F I G Source of outbreak: unknown or inconclusive. Contact with wild birds is suspected.
Control measures undertaken:
- stamping out (the remaining 8,200 pigeons in the affected farm were preventively killed on 7 November 2005 and then destroyed);
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- in accordance with the regulations in force (European Union Council Directive 92/66/EEC), a 3-km-radius protection zone and a 10-km-radius surveillance zone have been set up;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishment.
Vaccination prohibited: no.
Other details/comments:
- There were no movements of birds from this farm to other countries during the 21-day risk period before the onset of the clinical signs (the first clinical signs were observed on 31 October 2005).
- The only species of birds reared on the farm were pigeons for slaughter purposes only.
- The preliminary epidemiological investigation conducted in farms situated within a 3-km radius of the outbreak found no clinical signs of Newcastle disease.
Final report: no.
(1) AFSSA: Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des aliments (French Agency for Food Safety)
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* *HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN CHINA (PEOPLE'S REP. OF ~)
Follow-up report No. 9See also: 5 October 2006, 17 August 2006, 27 July 2006, 6 July 2006, 22 June 2006, 8 June 2006, 9 February 2006, 12 January 2006, 5 January 2006, 16 December 2005, 2 December 2005, 18 November 2005, 11 November 2005, 11 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 21 October 2005, 12 August 2005
Information received on 18, 20, 22 and 23 November 2005 from Mr Jia Youling, Director General, Veterinary Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing:
End of previous report period: 17 November 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [46], 435, dated 18 November 2005).
End of this report period: 23 November 2005.
Precise identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 7 June 2005.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.
Details of new outbreaks:
First administrative division Lower administrative division Type of epidemiological unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Hubei province Shishou city village Swan economic developing area Nov. 2005 avi 7,300 3,500 3,500 3,800 0 Inner Mongolia autonomous region Molidawa Dawo'er autonomous county village Wulan 15 Nov. 2005 avi … 176 176 3,202 0 Ningxia autonomous region Yinchuan city village Shangqian Cheng 17 Nov. 2005 avi 1,130 294 230 900 0 Shanxi province Xiaoyi city village Gaoyang 10 Nov. 2005 avi 9,386 8,103 8,103 1,283 0 Xinjiang autonomous region Miquan city village Niuzhuangzi 15 Nov. 2005 avi 6,120 2,064 2,064 4,056 0 Xinjiang autonomous region Urumchi city village Daban Cheng 16 Nov. 2005 avi 125 38 38 87 0 Xinjiang autonomous region Urumchi city village Wulabo 12 Nov. 2005 avi 56 8 8 48 0 Yunnan province Chuxiong city village Hehua 17 Nov. 2005 avi 11,000 2,500 2,500 8,500 0 Description of affected population in the new outbreaks: chickens and geese.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Diagnostic tests used Date Results Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin (national reference laboratory for avian influenza) - haemagglutination inhibition test;
- RT-PCR(1).
16-23 Nov. 2005 positive intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) test 16-23 Nov. 2005 positive (highly pathogenic) Source of new outbreaks: contact with wild birds.
Control measures undertaken:
- stamping out applied to 254,464 birds around the outbreaks;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- vaccination;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishments;
- dipping/spraying.
Final report: no.
(1) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
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* *BONAMIA OSTREAE IN MOROCCO
Immediate notification report and final report
Translation of information received on 21 November 2005 from Dr Hamid Benazzou, Director of Animal Production Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Rabat:
Report date: 15 November 2005.
Reason for immediate notification: first occurrence or re-occurrence in a country or zone /compartment of the country, if the country or zone/compartment of the country was previously considered to be free of that particular disease.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 13 October 2005.
Date of start of the event: 20 June 2005.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: basic laboratory tests.
Details of occurrence:
First administrative division Lower administrative division Type of epidemiological unit Name of the location Species Number of animals in the occurrence susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Laayoune province Akhfennir rural district farm Khnifiss lagoon mol 700 580 0 580 0 Description of affected population: flat oysters (Ostrea edulis) in closed farming.
Diagnosis:
Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed Diagnostic tests used Date Results Laboratory for Veterinary Tests and Research, Agadir … … positive National Fisheries Research Institute, Casablanca … … positive IFREMER(1) (OIE Reference Laboratory for mollusc diseases) … … positive Source of occurrence or origin of infection: introduction of new live aquatic animals.
Control measures undertaken: official destruction of clinically diseased aquatic animals.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Final report: yes.
(1) IFREMER: Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea)
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* *NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN ROMANIA
See also: 21 December 2006, 2 November 2006, 15 June 2006, 6 April 2006, 9 March 2006, 23 February 2006, 2 February 2006, 19 January 2006, 5 January 2006, 30 December 2005, 16 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 2 December 2005
(Date of previous outbreak of Newcastle disease in Romania reported to the OIE: December 1985).
Immediate notification report
Information received on 22 November 2005 from Dr Gabriel Predoi, Director General, National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority, Bucharest:
Report date: 22 November 2005.
Reason for immediate notification: re-occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country or zone/compartment following a report declaring the outbreak(s) ended.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 14 October 2005.
Date of start of the event: 15 September 2005.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.
Details of outbreaks:
First administrative division (County) Lower administrative division (district) Type of epidemiological unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Constanta Silistea village Silistea 14 Oct. 2005 avi 170 170* 123* 47 0 Tulcea Salva Rusa … Iazurile 20 Oct. 2005 fau … 1** 1** … … * hens
** partridge
Description of affected populations:
- The affected hens were an unvaccinated backyard flock.
- The partridge was found dead in the wild and sent to the laboratory by the Sport Association of Hunters and Fishermen, Babadag, Tulcea County.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Samples examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Institute for Diagnostic and Animal Health (National Reference Laboratory) - 1 organ sample taken from 1 hen;
- 1 sample of allanto-amniotic fluid taken from eggs inoculated with brain, organs and cloacal swabs taken from hens;
- 1 tracheal swab and 1 cloacal swab taken from 1 partridge.
- intracerebral pathogenity index test on day-old SPF chicks;
- virus isolation in embryonated eggs.
16 Nov. 2005 positive Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: contact with wild birds.
Control measures undertaken:
- stamping out applied to the infected backyard flock;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- disinfection of infected premises.
Vaccination prohibited: no.
Final report: no.
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* *HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN ROMANIA
Follow-up report No. 8See also: 2 March 2006, 23 February 2006, 16 February 2006, 19 January 2006, 5 January 2006, 30 December 2005, 23 December 2005, 16 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 2 December 2005, 2 December 2005, 18 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 21 October 2005, 21 October 2005, 14 October 2005, 14 October 2005
Information received on 22 November 2005 from Dr Gabriel Predoi, Director General, National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority, Bucharest:
End of previous report period: 16 November 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [46], 439, dated 18 November 2005).
End of this report period: 22 November 2005.
In accordance with the zoosanitary provisions in force (i.e. Ministry of Agriculture and Food Order No. 156/27.12.1999 regarding the announcing, the declaring and notification of some transmissible diseases of animals, and the ‘Programme for surveillance, prevention and control of diseases of animals and diseases transmissible from animals to humans, and for animal protection and protection of environment for the year 2005’), the three outbreaks of Ceamurlia-de-Jos(1), Maliuc(2) and Vulturu(2), have been eradicated, as follows:
A. Outbreak reported in backyard premises in Ceamurlia-de-Jos, Ceamurlia-de-Jos district, Tulcea County:
The outbreak was declared extinguished after 38 days, since the serological examination of sentinel poultry gave negative results ([Analysis Bulletin No. 16698 - 16985/11.11.2005]). In addition, the sentinel poultry did not manifest any signs of disease suggesting highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI).
Three successive disinfections were carried out.
The quarantine measures were lifted on 11 November 2005.
The outbreak was declared extinguished as of 21 November 2005.
B. Outbreak reported in swans in Maliuc, Maliuc district, Tulcea County, and outbreak reported in backyard premises in Vulturu, Maliuc district, Tulcea County:
The outbreaks were declared extinguished after 35 days, since the tests carried out (RT-PCR(3) test for the detection of specific viral genome for HPAI [Analysis Bulletin No. 17941-1800/21.11.2005]) gave negative results for the primary pathological material examined.
The sentinel poultry did not manifest any signs of disease suggesting HPAI.
Three successive disinfections were carried out in both localities.
The quarantine measures were lifted on 21 November 2005 and the outbreaks were declared extinguished.
For the moment, the single active outbreak in Romania is that of Caraorman(4), Tulcea County.
Final report: no.
(1) See Immediate notification report, Follow-up report No. 1 and Follow-up report No. 3
(2) See Follow-up report No. 2 and Follow-up report No. 3
(3) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
(4) See Follow-up report No. 7
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* *AMERICAN FOULBROOD IN CHILE
Follow-up report No. 3See also: 30 March 2006, 2 March 2006, 26 January 2006, 12 January 2006, 23 December 2005, 16 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 2 December 2005, 18 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 28 October 2005
Translation of information received on 22 November 2005 from Dr Hernan Rojas Olavarria, Head, Department of Animal Protection, Department of Agriculture and Animal Production (SAG), Ministry of Agriculture, Santiago:
End of previous report period: 11 November 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [46], 434, dated 18 November 2005).
End of this report period: 22 November 2005.
Precise identification of agent: Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 20 October 2005.
Date of start of the event: 15 October 2005.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
Details of new outbreaks:
First administrative division Lower administrative divisions Type of epidemiological unit Name of the location (sector) Latitude Longitude Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals* in the outbreaks susceptible cases destroyed V Region San Felipe, San Felipe commune apiary San Felipe 32 44´26.50302"S 70 49´29.7173"W 5 nov. 2005 api 100 4 2 V Region San Felipe, San Felipe commune apiary San Felipe 32 44´58.7708"S 70 49´47.4714"W 6 nov. 2005 api 100 5 0 V Region San Felipe, San Felipe commune apiary Quebrada de Herrera 32 41´21.3116"S 70 44´39.4894"W 21 oct. 2005 api 29 3 0 V Region San Felipe, San Felipe commune apiary Quebrada de Herrera 32 41´19.5113"S 70 44´49.8591"W 20 oct. 2005 api 65 1 1 VII Region Curicó, Curicó commune apiary Huañuñe 35 2´24.2391"S 71 9´56.9466"W 5 nov. 2005 api 48 1 1 VII Region Talca, Pencahue commune apiary Los Litres 35 14´33.5650"S 71 36´52,7423" W 9 nov. 2005 api 280 17 17 * hives
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Diagnostic tests used Date Results Department of Laboratories and Plant and Animal Quarantine Stations, Lo Aguirre, Santiago de Chile (official SAG laboratory) PCR(1) 15-17 Nov. 2005 positive Source of new outbreaks: contact with affected hives.
Control measures undertaken:
- quarantine;
- partial stamping out;
- movement control inside the country.
- zoning.
Final report: no.
(1) PCR: polymerase chain reaction
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* *FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN RUSSIA
Virus type Asia1 (follow-up report No. 3 [final report])See also: 26 January 2006, 23 December 2005, 16 September 2005
Information received on 23 November 2005 from Dr Evgueny A. Nepoklonov, Head of the Main Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Moscow:
End of previous report period: 7 September 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [37], 301, dated 16 September 2005).
End of this report period: 21 November 2005.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 12 June 2005.
Date of start of the event: 6 June 2005.
No new outbreaks of foot and mouth disease (FMD) due to virus serotype Asia1 have been detected since 10 September 2005.
By 15 October 2005, quarantine had been lifted in all affected locations (see details in the table below).
Details of outbreaks (updated information):
First administrative division Lower administrative division (district) Type of epidemiological unit Name of the location Lifting of quarantine Species Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Amur region (Amurskaya oblast') Svobodnyy village Busse 11 July 2005 bov 171 42 0 171 0 o/c 37 0 0 37 0 sui 9 0 0 9 0 Khabarovsk Territory Bikine farm village of Dobrolyubovo 29 Sept. 2005 bov 106 71 0 106 0 Khabarovsk Territory Bikine farm village of Lonchakovo 29 Sept. 2005 bov 32 32 0 32 0 Khabarovsk Territory Viazemsky village Vidnoye 14 Oct. 2005 bov 20 18 0 20 0 Khabarovsk Territory Viazemsky farm village of Sheremet’yevo 27 Sept. 2005 bov 56 56 0 56 0 Primorskiy Territory Khanka village Pervomaisky 12 Oct. 2005 bov 95 32 0 95 0 o/c 37 0 0 37 0 Primorskiy Territory Khassan village Slavyanka 6 Oct. 2005 bov 12 10 0 12 0 Primorskiy Territory Khorol village Luchki 10 Oct. 2005 bov 106 36 1 105 0 ovi 1 0 0 1 0 Primorskiy Territory Khorol farm village of Sivakovka 10 Oct. 2005 bov 335 318 0 335 0 sui 1 1 0 1 0 Primorskiy Territory Kirovsky village Pavlo-Fedorovka 27 Sept. 2005 bov 326 326 0 326 0 Primorskiy Territory Lesozavodsk farm village of Nevskoye 7 Oct. 2005 bov 280 82 0 280 0 Primorskiy Territory Mikhailovka village Abramovka 6 Oct. 2005 bov 214 70 0 214 0 o/c 39 0 0 39 0 Primorskiy Territory Pozharskoye village Ignat’yevka 29 Sept. 2005 bov 113 53 0 113 0 Primorskiy Territory Spassk village Krasny Kut 29 Sept. 2005 bov 142 73 0 142 0 o/c 14 0 0 14 0 sui 1 0 0 1 0 Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures applied:
- stamping out;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- vaccination (see details below);
- disinfection.
Vaccination in response to the outbreaks:
First administrative division Species Total number of animals vaccinated revaccinated Details of the vaccine Khabarovsk Territory bov 42,530 42,389 inactivated sorbat FMD vaccine O, A, Asia1 o/c 7,357 7,333 inactivated sorbat FMD vaccine O, A, Asia1 sui 38,835 29,754 inactivated emulsion FMD vaccine Asia1 Primorsky Territory bov 100,824 99,105 inactivated sorbat vaccine O, A, Asia1 o/c 35,112 34,456 inactivated sorbat vaccine O, A, Asia1 sui 56,063 38,594 inactivated emulsion FMD vaccine Asia1 Note: Before the outbreaks, animals were not vaccinated against FMD of Asia1 serotype.
Final report: yes.
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* *AMERICAN FOULBROOD IN NORWAY
Follow-up report No. 2 (final report)See also: 21 October 2005, 14 October 2005
Information received on 24 November 2005 from Dr Keren Bar-Yaacov, Chief Veterinary Officer, Norwegian Food Safety Authority, Brumunddal:
End of previous report period: 18 October 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [42], 363, dated 21 October 2005).
End of this report period: 24 November 2005.
Precise identification of agent: Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 29 September 2005.
Date of start of the event: 12 September 2005.
All infected hives have been destroyed. No new outbreaks have been reported.
Final report: yes.
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* *EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS (EASTERN) IN BELIZE
(Date of previous outbreak of Eastern equine encephalomyelitis in Belize reported to the OIE: 1997).
Immediate notification report
Information received on 24 November 2005 from Dr Victor Gongora, Director of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Belmopan:
Report date: 24 November 2005.
Reason for immediate notification: re-occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country or zone/compartment following a report declaring the outbreak(s) ended.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 18 November 2005.
Date of start of the event: 18 October 2005.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
Details of outbreak:
First administrative division Lower administrative division Type of epidemiological unit Latitude Longitude Species Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Cayo district Teakettle village 1905964 N 16304687 E equ 2 1 0 0 0 Description of affected population: a four-year old mare that has never been vaccinated against equine encephalomyelitis.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Diagnostic tests used Date Results National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), Ames, Iowa, United States of America IgM capture ELISA(1) 18 Nov. 2005 positive (> 1:400) Note: the mare tested negative to West Nile fever and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis on IgM capture ELISA.
Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures
A. Undertaken:
- control of arthropods;
- screening.
B. To be undertaken:
- vaccination.
Treatment of affected animal: no.
Other details/comments:
- This is the first reported case since 1997, when Eastern equine encephalomyelitis was diagnosed in a single horse in a nearby area.
- Given the recent cases of dengue fever in humans, the Ministry of Health has been spraying to control the mosquito population and screening for dengue throughout Belize, particularly in Cayo district.
- Triple vaccination for Eastern, Western and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis is recommended for all horses in Belize.
Final report: no.
(1) ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
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* *HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN THAILAND
Follow-up report No. 77See also: 16 November 2006, 3 August 2006, 27 July 2006, 6 April 2006, 16 February 2006, 2 February 2006, 26 January 2006, 19 January 2006, 12 January 2006, 23 December 2005, 16 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 2 December 2005, 18 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 21 October 2005, 14 October 2005, 7 October 2005, 30 September 2005, 23 September 2005, 16 September 2005, 9 September 2005, 2 September 2005, 26 August 2005, 19 August 2005, 12 August 2005, 29 July 2005, 22 July 2005, 15 July 2005
Information received on 25 November 2005 from Dr Yukol Limlamthong, Director General, Department of Livestock Development (DLD), Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok:
End of previous report period: 17 November 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [46], 436, dated 18 November 2005).
End of this report period: 24 November 2005.
No new outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza were reported during the week under report.
Final report: no.
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* *MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA IN CANADA
See also: 4 May 2006, 16 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 2 December 2005
Immediate notification report
Information received on 19 and 20 November 2005 from Dr Brian Evans, Executive Director, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa:
Report date: 20 November 2005.
Reason for immediate notification: detection of an H5 subtype of avian influenza in a single domestic duck, reported as per Terrestrial Animal Health Code recommendations*.
Precise identification of agent: influenza virus type A H5 subtype, low pathogenicity, North-American strain; N subtype pending.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 18 November 2005.
Date of start of the event: 17 November 2005.
Clinical disease: no.
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory.
Details of outbreak:
First administrative division (province) Lower administrative division (district) Type of epidemiological unit Species Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered British Columbia Chiliwack farm avi 55,000 … … … … Description of affected population: meat ducks.
The suspect bird was a 40-day-old meat duck collected at processing. The bird was in excellent body condition with submitting criteria of dermatitis. No other visible lesions and no indication of any active disease process were observed on post-mortem examination.
Diagnosis:
Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed Diagnostic tests used Date Results Provincial Agriculture - PCR(1) (matrix);
- real-time PCR;
- conventional PCR thermocycling (H5).
18 Nov. 2005 positive National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease (NCFAD), Winnipeg (H5)RT-PCR(2) on cloacal swab and allantoic fluids. 20 Nov. 2005 positive for influenza virus type A subtype H5 RNA molecular analysis 20 Nov. 2005 low pathogenic North-American sequence - N type molecular diagnostic as well as conventional methods;
- haemagglutination and haemagglutination inhibition on allantoic fluids.
pending pending Source of outbreak or origin of infection: under investigation. Contact with migratory water fowl cannot be excluded.
Control measures undertaken:
- quarantine of the source farm and the owner’s other operations;
- establishment of a 5-km surveillance zone around the source farm;
- voluntary lock down and movement controls on all commercial units within the 5-km zone pending application of formal quarantine;
- sampling of the source farm;
- culling of birds in the source farm;
- sampling of commercial poultry operations in the 5-km zone;
- sampling of owner’s other operations;
- suspension of export certification from the 5-km zone.
Vaccination prohibited: no.
Other details/comments:
Results of sampling conducted in the Province of British Columbia under a national migratory waterfowl sampling and surveillance programme for avian influenza has demonstrated the presence of H5N2 and H5N9 subtypes, all of which have been determined to be low pathogenic and consistent with historically reported North American strains with significant structural differences from the Asian strain of current international animal and human health concern.
Final report: no.
(1) PCR: polymerase chain reaction
(2) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
* Note by the OIE Animal Health Information Department: this disease is included in the new OIE list of diseases approved in May 2005 and due to come into force in January 2006.
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* *MISCELLANEOUS: WEST NILE FEVER IN BELIZE
Immediate notification report
Information received on 24 November 2005 from Dr Victor Gongora, Director of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Belmopan:
Report date: 24 November 2005.
Reason for immediate notification: re-occurrence of a listed disease or infection* in a country or zone/compartment following a report declaring the outbreak(s) ended.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 18 November 2005.
Date of start of the event: 22 August 2005.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
Details of outbreak:
First administrative division Lower administrative division Type of epidemiological unit Latitude Longitude Species Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Belize district Crooked Tree village 965066 337306 equ 9 1 0 0 0 Description of affected population: the affected animal is an unvaccinated 9-year-old gelding.
Diagnosis: the affected horse was seen with ataxia and lip smacking on 22 August 2005 but showed no nervous signs when examined by BAHA(1) veterinarians.
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Diagnostic tests used Date Results National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), Ames, Iowa, United States of America IgM capture ELISA(2) 18 Nov. 2005 positive (> 1:400) Source of outbreak or origin of infection: contact with wild birds.
Control measures
A. Undertaken:
- control of arthropods;
- screening.
B. To be undertaken:
- vaccination.
Treatment of affected animal: no.
Other details/comments:
- The affected horse suffered a short-lived illness and recovered uneventfully.
- The affected village is in a popular bird sanctuary area where migrant birds are commonly seen.
- Although horses have owners, they roam freely in the community.
- Although vaccine is available in Belize, no horses in this community have ever been vaccinated.
- No more cases were seen in the community.
- Given the recent cases of dengue fever in humans, the Ministry of Health has been spraying to control mosquito populations throughout Belize.
Final report: no.
(1) BAHA: Belize Agricultural Health Authority
(2) ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
* Note by the OIE Animal Health Information Department: this disease is included in the new OIE list of diseases approved in May 2005 and due to come into force in January 2006.
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