[top]Disease Information
9 November 2006
Vol. 19 - No. 45Contents
BLUETONGUE IN POLAND
See also: 9 November 2006
(Disease never reported before in Poland).
Immediate notification report
Information received on 31 October 2006 from Dr Krzysztof Jazdzewski, Acting Chief Veterinary Officer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Warsaw:
Report date: 30 October 2006.
Reason for immediate notification: first occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country.
Identification of agent: bluetongue virus.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 26 October 2006.
Date of start of the event: 26 October 2006.
Clinical disease: no.
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory.
Details of outbreak:
First administrative division (province) Lower administrative division (district) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Zachodniopomorskie Swidwin farm Slawoborze 26 Oct. 2006 bov 225 3 0 0 0 Description of affected population: animals which had been traded from Belgium on 7 August 2006 as part of a consignment of 47 animals of Dutch origin.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Result National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy bov competitive ELISA(1) 26 Oct. 2006 positive Source of outbreak or origin of infection: introduction of new animals.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Other details/comments: the positive cases were found within the framework of routine examination of animals introduced into Poland from European Union Member States where bluetongue has occurred.
Final report: no.
(1) ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
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* *BLUETONGUE IN BELGIUM
Follow-up report No. 9See also: 14 December 2006, 23 November 2006, 2 November 2006, 26 October 2006, 19 October 2006, 12 October 2006, 28 September 2006, 21 September 2006, 14 September 2006, 7 September 2006, 24 August 2006
Translation of information received on 3 November 2006 from Dr Luc Lengelé, Chief Veterinary Officer, Federal State Service for Public Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment, Animal and Plant Health Policy Department, Brussels:
End of previous report period: 27 October 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [44], 752, dated 2 November 2006).
End of this report period: 3 November 2006.
Identification of agent: bluetongue virus serotype 8.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 18 August 2006.
Date of start of the event: 18 August 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
New outbreaks:
First administrative division Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Liege farm Eupen 13 Oct. 2006 ovi 13 2 1 0 0 Limburg farm Herk-de-Stad 13 Oct. 2006 bov 1 1 1 0 0 Namur farm Waarchoot 13 Oct. 2006 ovi 8 1 1 0 0 Namur farm Wachtebeke 12 Oct. 2006 bov 64 1 1 0 0 Oost-Vlaanderen farm Adegem 16 Oct. 2006 ovi 45 1 1 0 0 Oost-Vlaanderen farm Drongen 13 Oct. 2006 ovi 6 1 1 0 0 Oost-Vlaanderen farm Eeklo 14 Oct. 2006 bov 24 1 1 0 0 Oost-Vlaanderen farm Evergem 13 Oct. 2006 ovi 4 1 1 0 0 Oost-Vlaanderen farm Glabbeek 17 Oct. 2006 ovi 8 1 1 0 0 Oost-Vlaanderen farm Lochristi 17 Oct. 2006 ovi 73 3 2 0 0 Oost-Vlaanderen farm Maldegem 13 Oct. 2006 ovi 93 1 1 0 0 Oost-Vlaanderen farm Maldegem 14 Oct. 2006 ovi 2 1 1 0 0 Oost-Vlaanderen farm Melsele 16 Oct. 2006 ovi 34 1 1 0 0 Oost-Vlaanderen farm Moerbeke-Waas 12 Oct. 2006 bov 148 1 1 0 0 Oost-Vlaanderen farm Sinaai-Waas 14 Oct. 2006 bov 3 1 1 0 0 Oost-Vlaanderen farm Sint-Laureins 16 Oct. 2006 ovi 107 1 1 0 0 Oost-Vlaanderen farm Sint-Niklaas 14 Oct. 2006 ovi 4 1 1 0 0 Oost-Vlaanderen farm Sleidinge 16 Oct. 2006 bov 16 1 1 0 0 Oost-Vlaanderen farm Ursel 13 Oct. 2006 bov 12 1 1 0 0 Oost-Vlaanderen farm Vinderhoute 13 Oct. 2006 ovi 3 1 1 0 0 Vlaams Brabant farm Kapelle-op-den-bos 16 Oct. 2006 ovi 2 2 1 0 0 West-Vlaanderen farm Tielt 13 Oct. 2006 ovi 4 2 2 0 0 Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (national laboratory) bov/ovi - ELISA(1)
- RT-PCR(2)
17 October 2006 positive Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: vectors.
Control measures undertaken:
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- control of arthropods;
- dipping/spraying.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Final report: no.
(1) ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(2) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
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* *EQUINE INFECTIOUS ANAEMIA IN THE UNITED KINGDOM/NORTHERN IRELAND
Follow-up report No. 4See also: 28 December 2006, 21 December 2006, 14 December 2006, 7 December 2006, 30 November 2006, 23 November 2006, 16 November 2006, 2 November 2006, 26 October 2006, 5 October 2006, 7 September 2006
Information received on 3 November 2006 from Dr Debby Reynolds, Director General for Animal Health and Welfare, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), London:
End of previous report period: 26 October 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [44], 751, dated 2 November 2006).
End of this report period: 3 November 2006.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 1 September 2006.
Date of start of the event: 25 August 2006.
No new outbreaks have been reported since the last follow-up report.
Final report: no.
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* *NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM/GREAT BRITAIN
Follow-up report No. 3See also: 30 November 2006, 23 November 2006, 16 November 2006, 2 November 2006, 26 October 2006, 19 October 2006, 26 January 2006, 26 August 2005, 19 August 2005, 12 August 2005, 29 July 2005, 22 July 2005
Information received on 3 November 2006 from Dr Debby Reynolds, Director General for Animal Health and Welfare, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), London:
End of previous report period: 27 October 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [44], 756, dated 2 November 2006).
End of this report period: 3 November 2006.
Identification of agent: avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV1), lineage 4b.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 13 October 2006.
Date of start of the event: 21 September 2006.
No new outbreaks have been reported since the last follow-up report.
Final report: no.
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* *INFECTIOUS HAEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS IN THE CZECH (REPUBLIC ~)
See also: 7 December 2006
(Date of previous outbreak of infectious haematopoietic necrosis in the Czech Republic reported to the OIE: 2003).
Immediate notification report
Information received on 7 November 2006 from Dr Josef Vitásek, Head of the Division of Animal Health and Welfare, State Veterinary Administration, Prague:
Report date: 2 November 2006.
Reason for immediate notification: re-occurrence of an OIE listed disease in a zone of the country.
Identification of agent: infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 27 October 2006.
Date of start of the event: 16 October 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
Details of outbreak:
First administrative division (province) Lower administrative division (district) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Morbi-dity Morta-lity Number of animals in the outbreak (in kg) susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Jihocesky Cesky Krumlov farm Mostky 16 Oct. 2006 pis 4% 1% 25,000 900 250 … … Description of affected population: freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a semi-closed production system.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Result Veterinary Research Institute, Brno pis PCR(1) 27 Oct. 2006 positive Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures
A. Undertaken:
- tracing forward;
- tracing back;
- surveillance outside containment and/or buffer zone;
- decontamination of premises/disinfection;
- within-country movement controls.
B. To be undertaken:
- surveillance within containment and/or buffer zone;
- official destruction of clinically diseased aquatic animals;
- official destruction of aquatic animal products;
- official disposal of carcasses, by-products and waste.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: no.
Final report: no.
(1) PCR: polymerase chain reaction
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* *BLUETONGUE IN ITALY
See also: 28 December 2006, 21 December 2006, 7 December 2006, 30 November 2006, 23 November 2006
(Date of previous outbreak of bluetongue in Italy reported to the OIE: November 2004).
Immediate notification report
Information received on 7 November 2006 from Dr Romano Marabelli, Head of the Department for Veterinary Public Health, Nutrition and Food Safety, Ministry of Public Health, Rome:
Report date: 6 November 2006.
Reason for immediate notification: first occurrence of a new strain of a pathogen associated with a listed disease in a country.
Identification of agent: bluetongue virus serotype 1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 30 October 2006.
Date of start of the event: 15 October 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
Details of outbreaks:
First administrative division (province) Lower administrative division (district) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Sardegna Cagliari farm Ciuffegai 24 Oct. 2006 ovi 96 4 3 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Foxi 24 Oct. 2006 ovi 180 4 3 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Foxi 30 Oct. 2006 ovi 60 3 1 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Foxi 30 Oct. 2006 ovi 200 3 0 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Foxi 30 Oct. 2006 ovi 160 4 1 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Foxi 30 Oct. 2006 ovi 24 1 0 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Foxi 30 Oct. 2006 ovi 35 4 1 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Giuliana Atzeni 30 Oct. 2006 ovi 350 4 4 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Gutturu saidu 15 Oct. 2006 ovi 56 3 0 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Gutturu saidu 24 Oct. 2006 ovi 22 1 1 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Gutturu saidu 25 Oct. 2006 ovi 64 2 0 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Gutturu saidu 30 Oct. 2006 ovi 82 5 3 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Is Cinus 25 Oct. 2006 ovi 94 5 0 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Is Faddas 24 Oct. 2006 ovi 230 11 1 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Is Lais 27 Oct. 2006 ovi 420 15 0 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Is Lais 28 Oct. 2006 ovi 66 22 2 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Is Palas 30 Oct. 2006 ovi 17 6 0 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Is Pillonis 26 Oct. 2006 ovi 43 15 0 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Is Sarais 25 Oct. 2006 ovi 143 15 1 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Is Sirbonis 25 Oct. 2006 ovi 130 5 0 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Is Spigas 24 Oct. 2006 ovi 130 5 0 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Is Spigas 24 Oct. 2006 ovi 350 8 0 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Is Spinas 1 Nov. 2006 ovi 150 6 1 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Malfatano 25 Oct. 2006 ovi 100 4 0 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Malfatano 30 Oct. 2006 ovi 33 20 5 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Pamiesu 27 Oct. 2006 ovi 177 17 0 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Perdaiola 30 Oct. 2006 ovi 105 10 2 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Perdu Sarigu 30 Oct. 2006 ovi 40 2 0 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Sa Stoia 30 Oct. 2006 ovi 300 7 4 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Santadi 30 Oct. 2006 ovi 10 4 1 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Sant'Anna Arresi 24 Oct. 2006 ovi 40 6 0 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Sant'Anna Arresi 28 Oct. 2006 ovi 48 20 0 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Su de Is Seis 30 Oct. 2006 ovi 128 12 3 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Teulada 30 Oct. 2006 ovi 49 4 1 0 0 Sardegna Cagliari farm Tuerredda 24 Oct. 2006 ovi 470 10 3 0 0 Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Dates Results Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale, Teramo ovi - real-time PCR(1)
- serum neutralisation
- antigen detection ELISA(2)
- 3 Nov. 2006
- 3 Nov. 2006
- 30 Oct. 2006
positive Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: vectors.
Control measures undertaken:
- movement control inside the country;
- screening.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: no.
Final report: no.
(1) PCR: polymerase chain reaction
(2) ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
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* *BLUETONGUE IN BULGARIA
Follow-up report No. 2See also: 26 October 2006, 19 October 2006
Information received on 7 November 2006 from Dr Nikola T. Belev, Delegate of Bulgaria to the OIE:
End of previous report period: 23 October 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [43], 746, dated 26 October 2006).
End of this report period: 7 November 2006.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 11 October 2006.
Date of start of the event: 10 October 2006.
Clinical disease: no.
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory.
New outbreaks:
First administrative division (province) Lower administrative division (district) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Burgas Sredets village Granichar 7 Nov. 2006 cap 20 3 0 0 0 Burgas Sredets village Belevren 5 Nov. 2006 cap 22 2 0 0 0 Burgas Tsarevo village Velika 5 Nov. 2006 bov 30 2 0 0 0 Burgas Tsarevo village Tsarevo 5 Nov. 2006 cap 240 1 0 0 0 Burgas Tsarevo village Ahtopol 5 Nov. 2006 cap 50 3 0 0 0 Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic test used Date Result National reference laboratory for bluetongue cap/bov competitive ELISA(1) 5-7 November 2006 positive Source of outbreak or origin of infection: vectors.
Control measures undertaken:
- control of arthropods;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s).
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Final report: no.
(1) ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
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* *NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN FRANCE
Follow-up report No. 1See also: 12 October 2006, 23 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 25 November 2005, 18 November 2005, 11 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 26 August 2005, 5 August 2005, 29 July 2005, 22 July 2005
Translation of information received on 7 November 2006 from Dr Monique Eloit, Deputy Director General, General Directorate for Food (DGAL), Ministry of Agriculture, Food, Fisheries and Rural Affairs, Paris:
End of previous report period: 12 October 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [41], 722, dated 12 October 2006).
End of this report period: 7 November 2006.
Identification of agent: avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV1), pigeon variant.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 22 September 2006.
Date of start of the event: 18 September 2006.
The cleaning and disinfection operations conducted following the outbreak of Newcastle disease that occurred in a pigeon farm were completed on 26 September 2006. No further outbreaks of the disease have been reported in Deux-Sèvres department since 18 September. Consequently, the measures applied in the surveillance zone have been lifted, with effect from 27 October 2006.
Final report: no.
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* *BLUETONGUE IN POLAND
Final reportSee also: 9 November 2006
Information received on 7 November 2006 from Dr Krzysztof Jazdzewski, Acting Chief Veterinary Officer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Warsaw:
End of previous report period: 30 October 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [45], 769, dated 9 November 2006).
End of this report period: 6 November 2006.
Diagnosis (updated information):
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Diagnostic tests used Date Results National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy competitive ELISA(1) 26 Oct. 2006 positive RT-PCR(2) 3 Nov. 2006 negative Institute for Animal Disease Research (AFRC), Pirbright (United Kingdom) ELISA(1) 2 Nov. 2006 positive RT-PCR(2) 2 Nov. 2006 negative (1) ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(2) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
As the presence of bluetongue virus in 3 serologically positive animals is not confirmed, Poland is still considered as a bluetongue virus free country. All cattle in the farm concerned are being tested: to date, 220 animals have been tested and 5 other animals will be tested very soon. If no other positive results are found, the restrictions imposed on the farm will be lifted.
Final report: yes.
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* *FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN BOTSWANA
Follow-up report No. 3See also: 9 November 2006, 10 August 2006, 10 August 2006, 13 July 2006, 13 July 2006, 22 June 2006, 8 June 2006, 18 May 2006, 11 May 2006, 27 April 2006, 4 November 2005, 9 September 2005, 19 August 2005
Information received on 8 November 2006 from Dr Musa Fanikiso, Director of Animal Health and Production, Ministry of Agriculture, Gaborone:
End of previous report period: 10 August 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [32], 592, dated 10 August 2006).
End of this report period: 7 November 2006.
Identification of agent: foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus serotype SAT1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 7 June 2006.
Date of start of the event: 1 June 2006.
No new cases have been reported since the last report. Cattle, goats and pigs in the affected and neighbouring crushes were subjected to a routine clinical inspection and mouthing and showed no evidence of any new infection.
Final report: no.
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* *FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN BOTSWANA
Follow-up report No. 6 (final report)See also: 9 November 2006, 10 August 2006, 10 August 2006, 13 July 2006, 13 July 2006, 22 June 2006, 8 June 2006, 18 May 2006, 11 May 2006, 27 April 2006, 4 November 2005, 9 September 2005, 19 August 2005
Information received on 8 November 2006 from Dr Musa Fanikiso, Director of Animal Health and Production, Ministry of Agriculture, Gaborone:
End of previous report period: 10 August 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [32], 594, dated 10 August 2006).
End of this report period: 7 November 2006.
Identification of agent: foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus serotype SAT2.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 25 April 2006.
Date of start of the event: 11 April 2006.
Vaccination in response to the outbreaks:
First administrative division Species Total number of animals vaccinated Details of the vaccine Selibe Phikwe district (zone 7) bov 101,781 inactivated trivalent SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3 FMD vaccine (third round on 5-29 September) Clinical inspections and mouthing of vaccinated cattle showed no evidence of new and/or ongoing clinical disease.
Scheduled clinical inspections were conducted in susceptible livestock in the zones adjacent to zone 7 (zones 6, 8 and 9) and a serological analysis was performed on 9,693 of these cattle within 10 km of the border of zone 7, with negative results for SAT 1, 2 and 3 FMD virus antibodies. A total of 196 cattle that originated from zone 7 and were traced forward to other regions and 630 cattle from the rest of the FMD free "without vaccination" zones were also tested for FMD antibodies, with negative results. A total of 969 goats, 158 sheep and 324 pigs within zone 7 tested negative on ELISA to SAT types of FMD virus.
Movement of susceptible animals and fresh animal products out of zone 7 is still restricted. Construction of a 2.4-meter-high fence and fortification of the existing cordon fence around zone 7 is scheduled to be completed by December 2006.
Final report: yes.
(1) ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
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* *NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN TURKEY
Follow-up report No. 1See also: 14 December 2006, 30 November 2006, 21 September 2006, 27 July 2006, 11 May 2006, 9 March 2006, 9 February 2006, 30 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 11 November 2005
Information received on 8 November 2006 from Dr Hüseyin Sungur, Director General, General Directorate of Protection and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ankara:
End of previous report period: 19 September 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [38], 676, dated 21 September 2006).
End of this report period: 8 November 2006.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 19 September 2006.
Date of start of the event: 7 August 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
New outbreak:
First administrative division (province) Lower administrative division (district) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Ankara Akyurt village Ankara 24 Oct. 2006 avi 100 5 3 5 0 Description of affected population: backyard chickens and turkeys with an average age of two months.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Result Central Veterinary Control and Research Institute, Etlik avi haemagglutination test 31 Oct. 2006 positive Source of outbreak or origin of infection: fomites (humans, vehicles, feed, etc.).
Control measures undertaken:
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s).
Control measures to be undertaken: stamping out.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Final report: no.
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* *NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN BRAZIL
Follow-up report No. 9See also: 16 November 2006, 2 November 2006, 21 September 2006, 31 August 2006, 17 August 2006, 10 August 2006, 3 August 2006, 20 July 2006, 13 July 2006, 6 July 2006
Translation of information received on 8 November 2006 from Dr Jamil Gomes de Souza, Director, Department of Animal Health (DDA), Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Brasilia:
End of previous report period: 30 October 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [44], 764, dated 2 November 2006).
End of this report period: 8 November 2006.
Identification of agent: avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1).
Date of first confirmation of the event: 4 July 2006.
Date of start of the event: 2 May 2006.
Clinical disease: no.
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory.
New outbreaks:
First administrative division (State) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Latitude Longitude Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases* deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Amazonas farm Manaus 03º7'21.6"S 59º56'17"W … avi 53 1 0 0 0 Amazonas farm Manaus 03º7'11.6"S 59º58'46"W … avi 5 1 1 4 0 Amazonas farm Manaus 03º7'23.9"S 59º59'52"W … avi 6 1 0 6 0 * The samples were taken within the framework of the active surveillance programme; at the time that the samples were taken, no clinical signs of the disease had been observed in birds in the farm.
Description of affected population: backyard poultry (for self-consumption).
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic test used Date Result National Agricultural Laboratory (LANAGRO-SP), São Paulo avi intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) test 27 Oct. 2006 positive (ICPI = 1.7) Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures
A. Undertaken:
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- zoning.
B. To be undertaken:
- stamping out;
- screening.
- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s).
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: no.
Other details/comments:
Within the framework of the active surveillance provided for in the national contingency plan for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, samples were taken with a radius of 10 km around the site in Manaus municipality used by migratory birds (see Follow-up report No. 5 published on 17 August 2006).
In the 3-km protection zone, 386 premises were visited and questionnaires were completed for the epidemiological survey. In the 10-km surveillance zone, 9,672 premises were visited and 180 questionnaires were completed for the epidemiological survey.
There are no large-scale poultry production farms within this zone.
Among the tracheal and cloacal samples taken, three tested positive for Newcastle disease virus. One of the premises involved is located in the protection zone around the first outbreak reported in the State of Amazonas and the two others are located in the surveillance zone.
As soon as the diagnosis was confirmed, two sanitary zones were established within a 10-km radius of the outbreak: a 3-km-radius protection zone around the outbreak and a 7-km-wide surveillance zone around the protection zone.
The destruction of all the remaining birds in the affected premises and the cleaning and disinfection operations are in progress.
Final report: no.
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* *MISCELLANEOUS: SUSPECTED HENDRA VIRUS INFECTION IN NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA
See also: 16 November 2006, 29 June 2006, 18 November 2005, 8 July 2005
Information received on 9 November 2006 from Dr Bob Biddle, Chief Veterinary Officer, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Australia (AFFA), Canberra:
Report date: 9 November 2006.
The New South Wales (NSW) Department of Primary Industries has advised that a suspected case of infection with Hendra virus (HeV) has been reported in a horse on the Far North Coast of NSW.
All previous cases of infection with HeV in horses have occurred in the neighbouring state of Queensland. If confirmed, this will be the first case in a horse in NSW. The case occurred approximately 30 km from the Queensland border.
The affected horse showed neurological and respiratory signs consistent with HeV infection. It was euthanased on Tuesday 31 October, and samples were taken for HeV exclusion testing. One companion horse in the same paddock is apparently healthy.
Tests to confirm HeV infection are underway at the National Reference Laboratory, the Australian Animal Health Laboratory in Geelong, but a final result may not be known for some time. A PCR(1) on lung tissue gave a positive reaction but, so far, virus isolation has been negative.
Therefore, this case is not yet considered to be officially confirmed. However, the veterinary profession has been advised to apply the necessary precautions when examining sick horses or carrying out post-mortem investigations.
The horse paddock contains trees that were roosts for flying foxes (fruit bats in the genus Pteropus).
There have been six previous incidents involving HeV in Australia, and none has spread from the initial focus. The 1994 outbreak was confined to stables near Brisbane (Queensland), while the 1995 death of two horses from one farm near Mackay (Queensland) was an isolated incident. In the cases in 1999, 2004 and June 2006 (all in Queensland), single horses were affected in each case.
Because of the zoonotic potential of HeV, NSW Health has been notified of this suspected case and is assessing people at risk of exposure.
HeV is not highly contagious: horses are thought to be infected by eating material heavily contaminated with the virus (e.g. via bat urine or birth products). Signs in horses typically include breathing difficulties, high fever, and blood-tinged foamy discharge from nose and mouth.
(1) PCR: polymerase chain reaction
(See also Disease Information, 18 [7], 66, dated 18 February 2005 and Disease Information, 19 [26], 503, dated 29 June 2006).
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