[top]Disease Information
19 August 2005
Vol. 18 - No. 33Contents
FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN BOTSWANA
Suspected outbreakSee also: 9 November 2006, 9 November 2006, 10 August 2006, 10 August 2006, 13 July 2006, 13 July 2006, 22 June 2006, 8 June 2006, 18 May 2006, 11 May 2006, 27 April 2006, 4 November 2005, 9 September 2005
(Date of previous outbreak of foot and mouth disease in Botswana reported to the OIE: January 2003).
Immediate notification report
Information received on 15 August 2005 from Dr Musa Fanikiso, Director of Animal Health and Production, Ministry of Agriculture, Gaborone:
Report date: 15 August 2005.
Reason for immediate notification: first occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a zone.
There is a suspected outbreak of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in Pandamatenga crush in Kasane district in the North Western administrative region. There are currently 29 suspected cases in 7 kraals (holdings). The population at risk is 1,300 cattle (800 in communal and 500 in fenced farm areas).
Details of suspected outbreak:
First administrative division Lower administrative division Type of epidemio-logical unit Name of the location Latitude Longitude North Western region Kasane district village Pandamatenga 18º 32.196' S 25º 39.540' E
Date of start of the event Species Number of animals in the suspected outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered 5 August 2005 bov 1,300 29 0 0 0 Description of affected population: only cattle, especially adult cattle, are showing clinical signs.
Diagnosis:
Departmental teams conducting routine annual FMD vaccination and surveillance in the area detected the disease. Affected cattle are presenting varying lesions in the mouth and feet, which range from erosions to ulcers of varying severity. Oral lesions are predominantly ulcers/erosions on the tongue and dental pad, peeling of the dorsal tongue epithelium, with halitosis in severe cases. Foot lesions included interdigital ulcers and coronary separation.
The Botswana Vaccine Institute (BVI) is currently processing samples for confirmation and virus characterisation.
Source of outbreak or origin of infection: contact with infected wild animals at grazing/watering (but these are speculations since the laboratory has not yet confirmed the disease).
Control measures: the FMD Contingency Plan of Botswana is being used to streamline operations accordingly. Laboratory confirmation and virus characterisation are awaited to further guide the control strategy.
A. Control measures undertaken:
- Animals showing clinical signs are separated from the rest of the herd and put into a quarantine facility, which has been established by the Department in the area.
- Biosecurity measures have been introduced in strategic areas.
- Movement restriction. Departmental staff, reinforced by members of the Botswana Police and Defence Force, have blockaded the Pandamatenga extension area.
B. Control measures to be undertaken, should the need arise:
- Partial stamping out. Clinically sick animals/herds may be destroyed to reduce spread of disease.
- Emergency vaccination. So far, vaccination is routine and not a control strategy for this disease outbreak. The department maintains an FMD vaccine bank of 250,000 doses which is on stand-by and waiting to be used should the need arise.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Other details/comments:
- The suspected outbreak is in an FMD controlled area; therefore, the occurrence of an outbreak in this area does not affect the FMD status and beef trade of Botswana. Cattle in this area occasionally mix with African buffalo and are routinely vaccinated with a trivalent FMD SAT 1, 2 and 3 vaccine three times a year. Cattle (all livestock) in the area are and have always been isolated from others in the rest of the country by big game reserves in the north-west of Botswana and veterinary fences. Animals and their products have never been allowed out of the area, and are only used in the area (i.e. these animals and their products are not used either for national or for international trade).
- Surveillance has started in areas outside the infected zone in order to determine whether there has been any spread of the disease. Sampling materials and manpower resources are being sent to Kasane District to facilitate the operation.
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* *NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM/GREAT BRITAIN
Follow-up report No. 3See also: 30 November 2006, 23 November 2006, 16 November 2006, 9 November 2006, 2 November 2006, 26 October 2006, 19 October 2006, 26 January 2006, 26 August 2005, 12 August 2005, 29 July 2005, 22 July 2005
Information received on 19 August 2005 from Dr Debby Reynolds, Director General for Animal Health and Welfare, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), London:
End of previous report period: 5 August 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [32], 252, dated 12 August 2005).
End of this report period: 18 August 2005.
There has only been one confirmed outbreak with no evidence of lateral spread of disease. Surveillance is continuing. For further information, see below (Additional information report dated 10 August 2005).
Newcastle disease in the United Kingdom/Great Britain
Additional informationInformation received on 12 August 2005 from Dr Debby Reynolds, Director General for Animal Health and Welfare, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), London:
Report date: 10 August 2005.
1. Background
Newcastle disease (ND) was confirmed on 15 July 2005 in pheasants at a game establishment in Surrey. Approximately 11,700 8- to 9-week-old pheasants were brought on to the infected holding in four consignments during the period from 21 June to 5 July for rearing to release for shooting in the autumn.
The infected premises was an 800-hectare game establishment in Surrey, in south-east England. This area is not an intensive agricultural area and stock densities of all species are low.
In populating the infected holding for the autumn shoot, two consignments were imported from France on 21 and 23 June, together with one consignment from a premises in Hampshire on 28 June 2005. A further consignment of 2,700 birds from France arrived on 5 July, but from the estimated window of the initial infection (see below) these birds do not appear to be epidemiologically important.
2. Chronology of events up to and including the confirmation of Newcastle disease
Date Sequence of events on farm and the clinical investigation 21 June 2005 3,500 young pheasants arrive on the premises from France. 23 June 2005 2,500 young pheasants arrive on the premises from France. 28 June 2005 3,000 young pheasants arrive on the premises from Hampshire. 30 June 2005 Some pheasants reported with diarrhoea - treated by the private veterinarian for Hexamita. 4 July 2005 Some birds now showing ataxia, head and wing droop and some with opacity of the eye. 5 July 2005 2,700 young pheasants arrive on the premises from France (not thought to be significant in the epidemiology of the disease). 5 July 2005 Private veterinarian investigates and post-mortem examination did not reveal any gross pathology. Samples sent to local Veterinary Investigation Centre (VLA(1)). 9-10 July 2005 Mortality in one pen at 3% and half that in two other pens. 11 July 2005 Suspicion of ND reported by VLA and investigated by the State Veterinary Service. Premises placed under statutory restrictions using the Disease of Poultry (England) Order 2003. 14 July 2005 A haemagglutinating agent isolated and confirmed as ND virus. 15 July 2005 ND confirmed on the basis of molecular sequencing of the cleavage site. OIE and European Union (EU) notified. Contingency plan activated. National and local disease control centres established. Order made to create infected area. 3. Laboratory diagnosis of infection
Virological testing was carried out at the VLA Laboratory, Weybridge. Material from carcases and cloacal swabs were submitted for virological examination by inoculation into both embryonated fowl eggs and cell culture. After 3 days, a haemagglutinating virus was isolated and confirmed (using conventional haemagglutination inhibition test) as avian paramyxovirus type 1 (Newcastle disease virus, NDV).
The disease was initially confirmed on the basis of genotype. Genetic analyses of the primary virus isolate revealed an amino acid sequence motif of RRQRRF in the cleavage site (C-terminus of the F protein) of the fusion gene. This presence of multiple basic amino acids plus phenylalanine (F) at residue 117 is consistent with virulent NDV as defined by the OIE. Furthermore, preliminary phylogenetic analyses revealed the virus to be most similar to an isolate of virulent NDV obtained from a subclinical incident of ND virus infection in turkeys in Finland in 2004. These viruses all belong to lineage 5b and have been shown to be present in wild birds and poultry within Europe over the last decade.
Subsequently, pathogenicity testing using the primary virus isolate in the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) test in day-old-chicks showed that the virus had an ICPI of 1.26, consistent with the EU and OIE definition of virulent NDV.
4. Measures taken
Movement control and surveillance measures were implemented immediately in accordance with EU Council Directive 92/66/EEC. A protection zone of approximately 4.6 km radius and a surveillance zone surrounding the protection zone (extending the total area of restrictions to a radius of approximately 10 km) were put in place on 15 July. Culling of birds on the infected premises was started on 18 July and completed on 23 July, followed by disinfection of the site.
5. Control of intra-Community trade and exports
In relation to birds and poultry products as defined in Article 2.7.13.4. of the Terrestrial Animal Health Code, on confirmation of the disease on 15 July, the United Kingdom suspended intra-Community trade in live birds, hatching eggs and poultry products originating from the area under restrictions, in accordance with EU rules. The European Commission confirmed that no further safeguard measures were necessary and trade in susceptible commodities from areas not under restriction continues as normal.
As an initial precautionary measure, all export health certificates for live birds and susceptible commodities to non-EU countries were temporarily suspended. On 18 July, instructions were issued to allow the release of export certificates for susceptible commodities originating from outside the area under restrictions depending on the requirements of destination countries.
6. Epidemiological investigations into the source of the outbreak
Based on the observed clinical signs and an incubation period with a range of 3 to 10 days, the earliest date of infection was 16 June and the latest infection date was 27 June.
Clinical signs associated with mortality were first observed on 4 July. Clinical signs were first observed in those pens that had been populated with birds from the consignment which arrived from a premises in the Loire-Atlantique departement of France on 23 June 2005.
The occurrence of disease in the imported birds was notified to the French Veterinary Authorities. As a result of their investigations of the source farm in Loire-Atlantique, ND was confirmed by the French authorities on 27 July on the basis of PCR(2) findings. The virus was of the same lineage (5b) as the United Kingdom isolate. No other birds had been exported to the United Kingdom from this holding.
Apart from the pheasants there were no other movements on to the establishment to trace. No evidence was found in the source flock in Hampshire or in the other French farms that supplied pheasants.
7. Epidemiological investigations to identify spread from the infected premises
No live birds had been moved off the infected premises since the earliest estimated date of infection. Movements of vehicles and personnel from the premises were investigated and found not to pose a risk of disease spread.
8. Surveillance in the area under official restrictions
The available demographic data and the Agricultural Census, together with local knowledge and patrolling within the protection zone, identified 113 premises which might have contained poultry. Of these, it was subsequently confirmed that 53 had no poultry. Sixty premises, excluding the infected premises, were found to maintain poultry. Of these 60 premises with poultry, 16 had less than 10 poultry and 51 (85%) had 50 or less poultry. Only one commercial poultry premises is present in the area. This is a turkey broiler enterprise comprising 3,700 turkeys. Otherwise the larger enterprises included a further estate with 6,000 pheasants situated to the south-east of the infected premises and one premises with mixed species with more than a thousand birds to the north-east of the infected premises.
All 60 premises have been visited at least once to conduct clinical examinations of the resident poultry. No clinical signs of NDV infection have been observed.
Active surveillance and virological sampling within the protection zone was targeted at premises with the largest poultry populations and those nearest to the infected premises. Twenty-eight premises were sampled and the results of virological tests on these premises were negative.
9. Report cases (passive surveillance)
The level of passive surveillance activity for ND, particularly in game birds, has increased throughout the country. In the current situation, reports of suspected disease are expected to continue at a higher than normal level for some time. However, no further outbreaks of the disease have been confirmed as a result of this passive surveillance. This serves to strengthen the conclusion that there is no evidence of spread of the disease from the outbreak in Surrey or of further incursions of the disease into the United Kingdom.
10. Summary
The epidemiological investigations indicate that the infected holding was the initial infected premises. Immediate action was taken on confirmation of the disease to cull susceptible birds on the infected premises and to impose movement and trade controls in the surrounding area. The premises was epidemiologically isolated in that there have been no movements of livestock off the premises. In addition, the personnel and vehicle tracings, which are of low risk, did not reveal any transmission within or outside the protection zone. Active surveillance, including targeted virological sampling, has not provided any indication of spread of infection outside the infected premises. There is no evidence to date of more widespread dissemination of infection throughout the United Kingdom from the results of the report cases. The results of epidemiological investigations reported by the veterinary authorities of France indicate that there were no other possible sources of infection from France. Control measures will remain in place for at least 30 days after completion of disinfection of the infected premises, as required under EU Council Directive 92/66/EEC.
Further detailed information on the disease outbreak is available at www.defra.gov.uk.
(1) VLA: Veterinary Laboratories Agency
(2) PCR: polymerase chain reaction
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* *VESICULAR STOMATITIS IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Follow-up report No. 13See also: 28 December 2006, 7 December 2006, 23 November 2006, 16 November 2006, 2 November 2006, 26 October 2006, 19 October 2006, 12 October 2006, 5 October 2006, 28 September 2006, 21 September 2006, 14 September 2006, 7 September 2006, 31 August 2006, 24 August 2006, 13 April 2006, 16 February 2006, 26 January 2006, 12 January 2006, 23 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 18 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 21 October 2005, 14 October 2005, 7 October 2005, 30 September 2005, 23 September 2005, 16 September 2005, 2 September 2005, 26 August 2005, 5 August 2005, 29 July 2005, 15 July 2005, 8 July 2005
Information received on 12 and 16 August 2005 from Dr Peter Fernandez, Associate Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Washington, DC:
End of previous report period: 31 July 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [31], 233, dated 5 August 2005).
End of this report period: 14 August 2005.
Precise identification of agent: vesicular stomatitis virus type New Jersey.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 27 April 2005.
Date of start of the event: 16 April 2005.
New outbreaks:
First administrative division (State) Lower administrative division (County) Type of epide-miolo-gical unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Spe-cies Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaugh-tered Colorado Archuleta f Pagosa Springs 30 July 2005 equ 4 2 0 0 0 bov 2 0 0 0 0 Colorado Delta f Austin 1 Aug 2005 bov 14 1 0 0 0 Colorado Delta f Cedaredge 21 July 2005 equ 3 1 0 0 0 Colorado Delta f Cedaredge 25 July 2005 equ 4 1 0 0 0 Colorado Delta f Delta 25 July 2005 equ 6 1 0 0 0 Colorado Delta f Eckert 19 July 2005 equ 5 1 0 0 0 Colorado Delta f Eckert 8 Aug 2005 bov 25 1 0 0 0 Colorado Delta f Hotchkiss 26 July 2005 equ 6 2 0 0 0 Colorado Hinsdale f Springs 27 July 2005 equ 12 2 0 0 0 bov 123 0 0 0 0 Colorado La Plata f Bayfield 1 Aug 2005 equ 5 1 0 0 0 bov 2 0 0 0 0 Colorado La Plata f Mancos 14July 2005 equ 2 1 0 0 0 Colorado Larimer f Laporte 8 Aug 2005 equ 3 1 0 0 0 Colorado Mesa f Fruita 9 Aug 2005 bov 45 1 0 0 0 Colorado Moffat f Craig 22 July 2005 equ 2 1 0 0 0 Colorado Montezuma f Cortez 14 July 2005 equ 7 0 0 0 0 bov 17 2 0 0 0 Colorado Montezuma f Mancos 23 July 2005 equ 2 1 0 0 0 Colorado Montrose f Loathe 1 Aug 2005 bov 75 2 0 0 0 Colorado Montrose f Montrose 22 July 2005 equ 2 1 0 0 0 Colorado Rio Blanco f Rangely 19 July 2005 bov 6 1 0 0 0 Montana Yellowstone f Laurel 29 July 2005 equ 5 4 0 0 0 New Mexico Taos f Arroyo Seco 25 July 2005 equ 6 1 0 0 0 Utah Carbon f East Carbon 22 July 2005 equ 2 2 0 0 0 bov 50 1 0 0 0 Utah Duchesne f Altonah 27 July 2005 equ 19 3 0 0 0 bov 100 0 0 0 0 Utah Duchesne f Arcadia 2 Aug 2005 bov 100 1 0 0 0 sui 4 0 0 0 0 Utah Duchesne f Bluebell 18 July 2005 equ 5 1 0 0 0 ovi 26 0 0 0 0 Utah Duchesne f Duchesne 22 July 2005 equ 222 1 0 0 0 Utah Duchesne f Myton 21 July 2005 bov 34 6 0 0 0 Utah Duchesne f Myton 21 July 2005 bov 140 4 0 0 0 Utah Duchesne f Myton 22 July 2005 bov 20 1 0 0 0 Utah Duchesne f Myton 22 July 2005 equ 25 1 0 0 0 Utah Duchesne f Myton 31 July 2005 equ 2 0 0 0 0 bov 20 3 0 0 0 Utah Duchesne f Neola 1 Aug 2005 equ 4 1 0 0 0 Utah Duchesne f Roosevelt 23 July 2005 equ 2 1 0 0 0 Utah Duchesne f Roosevelt 23 July 2005 equ 25 0 0 0 0 bov 46 2 0 0 0 Utah Duchesne f Roosevelt 1 Aug 2005 equ 6 2 0 0 0 Utah Emery f Cleveland 29 July 2005 equ 30 1 0 0 0 bov 6 0 0 0 0 Utah Emery f Elmo 27 July 2005 equ 7 2 0 0 0 Utah Grand f Moab 22 July 2005 bov 16 2 0 0 0 Utah Grand f Moab 25 July 2005 equ 4 1 0 0 0 Utah Grand f Moab 26 July 2005 equ 3 3 0 0 0 Utah Grand f Moab 28 July 2005 equ 5 2 0 0 0 Utah Grand f Valley 24 July 2005 equ 14 2 0 0 0 Utah San Juan f Moab 21 July 2005 equ 4 1 0 0 0 Utah Sevier f Redmond 29 July 2005 equ 5 0 0 0 0 bov 22 2 0 0 0 Utah Uintah f Jensen 31 July 2005 bov 10 1 0 0 0 Utah Uintah f Lapoint 20 July 2005 equ 1 8 0 0 0 Utah Uintah f Vemal 27 July 2005 equ 5 2 0 0 0 Utah Uintah f Vemal 30 July 2005 bov 18 1 0 0 0 Utah Uintah f Vemal 3 Aug 2005 equ 3 1 0 0 0 Utah Uintah f Vernal 13 July 2005 equ 13 1 0 0 0 Utah Uintah f Vernal 15 July 2005 equ 6 2 0 0 0 Utah Uintah f Vernal 18 July 2005 equ 1 1 0 0 0 Utah Uintah f Vernal 18 July 2005 equ 2 1 0 0 0 Utah Uintah f Vernal 20 July 2005 equ 8 1 0 0 0 Utah Uintah f Vernal 20 July 2005 equ 2 1 0 0 0 Utah Uintah f Vernal 20 July 2005 equ 2 1 0 0 0 Utah Uintah f Vernal 21 July 2005 equ 15 1 0 0 0 bov 7 0 0 0 0 Utah Uintah f Vernal 21 July 2005 equ 2 1 0 0 0 Utah Uintah f Vernal 22 July 2005 equ 15 1 0 0 0 bov 7 0 0 0 0 Utah Uintah f Vernal 23 July 2005 equ 16 3 0 0 0 Wyoming Goshen f Torrington 7 Aug 2005 equ 4 1 0 0 0 Wyoming Sublette f Boulder 2 Aug 2005 equ 27 0 0 0 0 bov 247 1 0 0 0 f = farm
Diagnosis:
Laboratories where diagnosis was made Species examined Diagnostic tests used Dates Results National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, Iowa equ virus isolation 1 and 4 August 2005 positive complement fixation test 6 and 13 August 2005 positive Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Plum Island, New York bov virus isolation 5 and 11 August 2005 positive complement fixation test 6 and 13 August 2005 positive Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive (vectors?).
Control measures undertaken:
- control of arthropods;
- quarantine;
- on-going surveillance activities are being performed by APHIS Veterinary Services and Arizona(1), Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, Texas(1), Utah and Wyoming State Departments of Agriculture personnel.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
(1) Note: no new vesicular stomatitis-positive premises have been reported in Texas since May 2005 and in Arizona since June 2005.
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* *HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN THAILAND
Follow-up report No. 64See also: 16 November 2006, 3 August 2006, 27 July 2006, 6 April 2006, 16 February 2006, 2 February 2006, 26 January 2006, 19 January 2006, 12 January 2006, 23 December 2005, 16 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 2 December 2005, 25 November 2005, 18 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 21 October 2005, 14 October 2005, 7 October 2005, 30 September 2005, 23 September 2005, 16 September 2005, 9 September 2005, 2 September 2005, 26 August 2005, 12 August 2005, 29 July 2005, 22 July 2005, 15 July 2005
Information received on 19 August 2005 from Dr Yukol Limlamthong, Director General, Department of Livestock Development (DLD), Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok:
End of previous report period: 11 August 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [32], 250, dated 12 August 2005).
End of this report period: 18 August 2005.
No new outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza were reported during the week under report.
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* *CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER IN SOUTH AFRICA
Follow-up report No. 2See also: 16 December 2005, 16 September 2005, 29 July 2005, 15 July 2005
Information received on 16 August 2005 from Dr Botlhe Modisane, Senior Manager of Animal Health, National Department of Agriculture, Pretoria:
End of previous report period: 26 July 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [30], 220, dated 29 July 2005).
End of this report period: 15 August 2005.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 8 July 2005.
Date of start of the event: 13 June 2005.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.
Details of new outbreak:
First administrative division (province) Lower administrative division Type of epidemio-logical unit Name of the location Latitude Longitude Eastern Cape Mnquma village Qolora-on-Sea 32º 38' 00’’ S 28º 25' 00’’ E
Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered July 2005 sui 11 ... 9 ... 0 Description of affected population in the new outbreak: free-ranging pigs.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnosis was made Diagnostic tests used Date Results Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Pretoria ELISA(1) for classical swine fever antigen detection 5 August 2005 positive Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures undertaken:
- The affected area was put under quarantine on 5 August 2005.
- Stamping out will be applied to all pigs in the affected area in order to prevent spread of the disease.
- Disinfection of infected premises.
- Movement control inside the country.
- A countrywide survey is being conducted to determine the health status of pigs.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Other details/comments: there are no commercial pig enterprises in the affected area.
(1) ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
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* *FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN MONGOLIA
See also: 21 October 2005, 26 August 2005
(Date of previous outbreak of foot and mouth disease in Mongolia reported to the OIE: February 2004).
Immediate notification report
Information received on 18 August 2005 from Dr Ravdan Sanjaatogtokh, Director, State Veterinary Services, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Ulaanbaatar:
Report date: 18 August 2005.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
Date of initial detection of animal health incident: an emergency report was received from the field on 12 August 2005. Laboratory diagnosis was made on 17 August.
Outbreaks:
Location No. of outbreaks Dornod province, Bayantumen county, in the eastern part of the country 1 Total number of animals in the outbreak:
species susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered bov 118 118 ... ... ... Diagnosis:
A. Laboratory where diagnosis was made: State Central Veterinary Laboratory, Ulaanbaatar.
B. Diagnostic tests used:
- RT-PCR(1);
- complement fixation test;
- non structural protein ELISA(2).
C. Causal agent: foot and mouth disease virus serotype A.
Control measures:
- quarantine;
- stamping out;
- movement control;
- zoning;
- disinfection.
(1) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
(2) ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
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* *HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN MONGOLIA
in migratory birds (follow-up report No. 1)See also: 2 September 2005, 12 August 2005
Information received on 18 August 2005 from Dr Ravdan Sanjaatogtokh, Director, State Veterinary Services, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Ulaanbaatar:
End of previous report period: 10 August 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [32], 253, dated 12 August 2005).
End of this report period: 18 August 2005.
Suspicious samples were sent on 15 August 2005 to the OIE Reference Laboratory for avian influenza at Hokkaido University, Japan. The following test results were received on 17 August 2005:
Sample reference Bird species Location Influenza A virus subtype identified No. 1 bar-headed goose (Anser indicus) Erhel lake, Huvsgel province H5 No. 3 whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus) Erhel lake, Huvsgel province H5 No. 4 whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus) Erhel lake, Huvsgel province H5 Analysis of samples is still in progress.
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