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Rabbit haemorrhagic disease, United States of America
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Information received on 05/05/2020 from Dr Mark Davidson, Associate Administrator, USDA-APHIS,
United States
Department of Agriculture, Washington, United States of America
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Summary
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Outbreak 1 |
Maricopa County, Maricopa, Arizona |
Date of start of the outbreak |
24/03/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Backyard |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Rabbits |
2 |
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1 |
1 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Non-commercial domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) |
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Outbreak 2 |
Curry County, Curry, New Mexico |
Date of start of the outbreak |
25/03/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Backyard |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Rabbits |
84 |
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84 |
0 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Non-commercial domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) |
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Outbreak 3 |
Cochise County, Cochise, Arizona |
Date of start of the outbreak |
01/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Backyard |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Rabbits |
30 |
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22 |
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0 |
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Affected population |
Non-commercial domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) |
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Outbreak 4 |
Cochise County, Cochise, Arizona |
Date of start of the outbreak |
08/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Not applicable |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Black-tailed Jackrabbit:Lepus californicus(Leporidae) |
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1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Wild Black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) |
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Outbreak 5 |
Cochise County, Cochise, Arizona |
Date of start of the outbreak |
08/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Not applicable |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Desert Cottontail:Sylvilagus audubonii(Leporidae) |
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1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Wild Desert cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus audubonii) |
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Outbreak 6 |
Cochise County, Cochise, Arizona |
Date of start of the outbreak |
08/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Not applicable |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Black-tailed Jackrabbit:Lepus californicus(Leporidae) |
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1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Wild Black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) |
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Outbreak 7 |
Terrell County, Terrell, Texas |
Date of start of the outbreak |
14/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Not applicable |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Black-tailed Jackrabbit:Lepus californicus(Leporidae) |
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40 |
40 |
0 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Wild Black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus) |
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Outbreak 8 |
Otero County, Otero, New Mexico |
Date of start of the outbreak |
18/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Backyard |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Rabbits |
30 |
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1 |
29 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Non-commercial domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) |
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Outbreak 9 |
Santa Fe County, Santa Fe, New Mexico |
Date of start of the outbreak |
19/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Not applicable |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Desert Cottontail:Sylvilagus audubonii(Leporidae) |
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20 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Wild Desert cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus audubonii) |
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Outbreak 10 |
El Paso County, El Paso, Texas |
Date of start of the outbreak |
20/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Not applicable |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Desert Cottontail:Sylvilagus audubonii(Leporidae) |
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3 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Wild Desert cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus audubonii) |
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Outbreak 11 |
Pecos County, Pecos, Texas |
Date of start of the outbreak |
20/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Not applicable |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Desert Cottontail:Sylvilagus audubonii(Leporidae) |
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2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Wild Desert cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus audubonii) |
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Outbreak 12 |
Luna County, Luna, New Mexico |
Date of start of the outbreak |
21/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Backyard |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Rabbits |
7 |
7 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Non-commercial domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) |
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Outbreak 13 |
Hamilton County, Hamilton, Texas |
Date of start of the outbreak |
23/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Backyard |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Rabbits |
18 |
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2 |
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0 |
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Affected population |
Non-commercial domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) |
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Outbreak 14 |
Navajo County, Navajo, Arizona |
Date of start of the outbreak |
24/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Not applicable |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Black-tailed Jackrabbit:Lepus californicus(Leporidae) |
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1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Wild Black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) |
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Outbreak 15 |
Pima County, Pima, Arizona |
Date of start of the outbreak |
24/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Not applicable |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Desert Cottontail:Sylvilagus audubonii(Leporidae) |
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1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Wild Desert cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus audubonii) |
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Outbreak 16 |
Randall County, Randall, Texas |
Date of start of the outbreak |
24/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Not applicable |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Black-tailed Jackrabbit:Lepus californicus(Leporidae) |
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1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Wild Black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) |
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Outbreak 17 |
Pima County, Pima, Arizona |
Date of start of the outbreak |
24/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Not applicable |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Antelope jackrabbit :Lepus alleni(Leporidae) |
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1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Wild Antelope Jackrabbit (Lepus alleni) |
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Outbreak 18 |
Apache County, Apache, Arizona |
Date of start of the outbreak |
24/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Not applicable |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Mountain cottontail:Sylvilagus nuttallii(Leporidae) |
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1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Wild Mountain cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus nutalli) |
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Outbreak 19 |
Valencia County, Valencia, New Mexico |
Date of start of the outbreak |
25/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Backyard |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Rabbits |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Non-commercial domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) |
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Outbreak 20 |
Clark County, Clark, Nevada |
Date of start of the outbreak |
27/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Backyard |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Rabbits |
5 |
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3 |
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0 |
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Affected population |
Non-commercial pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) housed at a rabbit rescue group foster residence |
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Outbreak 21 |
Bernalillo County, Bernalillo, New Mexico |
Date of start of the outbreak |
27/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Not applicable |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Black-tailed Jackrabbit:Lepus californicus(Leporidae) |
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1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Wild Black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) |
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Outbreak 22 |
Dona Ana County, Dona Ana, New Mexico |
Date of start of the outbreak |
28/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Backyard |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Rabbits |
3 |
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2 |
1 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Non-commercial domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) |
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Outbreak 23 |
Navajo County, Navajo, Arizona |
Date of start of the outbreak |
29/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Backyard |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Rabbits |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Non-commercial domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) |
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Outbreak 24 |
Apache County, Apache, Arizona |
Date of start of the outbreak |
29/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Backyard |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Rabbits |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Non-commercial domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) |
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Outbreak 25 |
Maricopa County, Maricopa, Arizona |
Date of start of the outbreak |
29/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Backyard |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Rabbits |
4 |
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1 |
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0 |
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Affected population |
Non-commercial domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) |
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Outbreak 26 |
Coconino County, Coconino, Arizona |
Date of start of the outbreak |
29/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Not applicable |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Mountain cottontail:Sylvilagus nuttallii(Leporidae) |
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1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Wild Mountain cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus nutalli) |
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Outbreak 27 |
Apache County, Apache, Arizona |
Date of start of the outbreak |
30/04/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Backyard |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Rabbits |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Non-commercial domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) |
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Outbreak 28 |
Lampasas County, Lampasas, Texas |
Date of start of the outbreak |
01/05/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Backyard |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Rabbits |
79 |
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26 |
43 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Non-commercial domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) |
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Outbreak 29 |
Alamosa County, Alamosa, Colorado |
Date of start of the outbreak |
01/05/2020 |
Outbreak status |
Continuing (or date resolved not provided) |
Epidemiological unit |
Not applicable |
Affected animals |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Jackrabbit:Lepus(Leporidae) |
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1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
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Affected population |
Wild Jackrabbit (Lepus sp) |
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Summary of outbreaks |
Total outbreaks: 29 |
Total animals affected |
Species |
Susceptible |
Cases |
Deaths |
Killed and disposed of |
Slaughtered |
Rabbits |
266 |
11 ** |
153 |
74 |
0 |
Black-tailed Jackrabbit:Lepus californicus(Leporidae) |
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45 |
45 |
0 |
0 |
Desert Cottontail:Sylvilagus audubonii(Leporidae) |
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27 |
27 |
0 |
0 |
Antelope jackrabbit :Lepus alleni(Leporidae) |
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1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
Mountain cottontail:Sylvilagus nuttallii(Leporidae) |
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2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
Jackrabbit:Lepus(Leporidae) |
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1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
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Outbreak statistics |
Species |
Apparent morbidity rate |
Apparent mortality rate |
Apparent case fatality rate |
Proportion susceptible animals lost* |
Rabbits |
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57.52% |
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** |
Black-tailed Jackrabbit:Lepus californicus(Leporidae) |
** |
** |
100.00% |
** |
Desert Cottontail:Sylvilagus audubonii(Leporidae) |
** |
** |
100.00% |
** |
Antelope jackrabbit :Lepus alleni(Leporidae) |
** |
** |
100.00% |
** |
Mountain cottontail:Sylvilagus nuttallii(Leporidae) |
** |
** |
100.00% |
** |
Jackrabbit:Lepus(Leporidae) |
** |
** |
100.00% |
** |
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*Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction and/or slaughter |
**Not calculated because of missing information |
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Epidemiology
Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection |
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Epidemiological comments |
Update May 5, 2020:
Nevada (NV)--RHDV2 confirmed in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) from one non-commercial premises in Clark County, NV on 30 Apr 2020. This is the first detection of RHDV2 in Nevada. The premises fosters rescued rabbits and received a rescue rabbit from an animal shelter on 24 Apr 20 which subsequently died. The affected premises has been quarantined.
Nevada State Animal Health Officials and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services (APHIS) have begun an epidemiological investigation into the outbreak.
Colorado (CO)--RHDV2 confirmed in a wild Jackrabbit (Lepus sp.) from Alamosa County.
Colorado State Animal Health Officials and USDA, APHIS continue an epidemiological investigation into the current outbreaks.
Arizona (AZ)--RHDV2 confirmed in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) on six additional non-commercial premises. Total positive premises in Arizona is 13. All affected premises have been quarantined and depopulation has been completed on six of the affected premises. Disposal activities are ongoing.
There have also been eight new wild rabbit detections of RHDV2, including confirmation in Mountain cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus nutalli) and an Antelope Jackrabbit (Lepus alleni). These are the first detections in the named wild species of RHDV2 in the United States.
Arizona State Animal Health Officials and the USDA, APHIS continue an epidemiological investigation into the current outbreaks.
Texas (TX)--RHDV2 confirmed in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) on two additional non-commercial premises in Hamilton and Lampasas Counties. Total positive premises in Texas is five.
There have been four new wild rabbit detections of RHDV2 in Desert cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus audubonii) and Black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus) from several counties within the state.
Texas State Animal Health Officials and the USDA, APHIS continue an epidemiological investigation into the current outbreaks.
New Mexico (NM)--RHDV2 confirmed in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) from five additional non-commercial premises. Total positive premises in New Mexico is 26. All affected premises have been quarantined and depopulation has been completed on 22 of the affected premises. Disposal activities are ongoing. Three of the affected premises completed cleaning and disinfection activities and now begin a 90-day fallow period.
In addition, there have been wild rabbit detections in Desert cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus audubonii) and a Black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus).
New Mexico State Animal Health Officials and the USDA, APHIS continue their epidemiological investigation into the current outbreaks.
Washington (WA)--State officials have extended the quarantine period at the affected animal sanctuary in Clallam County due to continued rabbit deaths.
General clinical signs seen in confirmed cases from all the affected states include lethargy, seizures, and sudden death.
Full genome sequencing and analysis was completed on RHDV2 isolates detected in the United States from 2018 through 2020, including from the ongoing outbreak in the southwestern United States. Phylogenetic analysis indicates isolates cluster by geographical region.
Recent 2020 isolates from CO, AZ, NM, and TX formed a single genetic cluster suggesting the outbreak of RHDV2 in these states was caused by introduction of a single genetic isolate into the region; this virus is responsible for RHDV2 in both wild rabbits and domestic rabbits.
Virus circulating in the southwest United States is distinct from RHDV2 isolates collected from domestic rabbits in New York, Washington State, and Ohio as well as British Columbia, Canada.
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Control measures
Measures applied |
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Surveillance within containment and/or protection zone
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Traceability
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Quarantine
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Disinfection
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Vaccination prohibited
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No treatment of affected animals
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Measures to be applied |
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Diagnostic test results
Laboratory name and type |
Species |
Test |
Test date |
Result |
National Veterinary Services Laboratories (National laboratory) |
Antelope jackrabbit |
reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) |
01/05/2020 |
Positive |
National Veterinary Services Laboratories (National laboratory) |
Black-tailed Jackrabbit |
reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) |
29/04/2020 |
Positive |
National Veterinary Services Laboratories (National laboratory) |
Black-tailed Jackrabbit |
reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) |
01/05/2020 |
Positive |
National Veterinary Services Laboratories (National laboratory) |
Desert Cottontail |
reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) |
27/04/2020 |
Positive |
National Veterinary Services Laboratories (National laboratory) |
Desert Cottontail |
reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) |
01/05/2020 |
Positive |
National Veterinary Services Laboratories (National laboratory) |
Jackrabbit |
reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) |
01/05/2020 |
Positive |
National Veterinary Services Laboratories (National laboratory) |
Mountain cottontail |
reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) |
29/04/2020 |
Positive |
National Veterinary Services Laboratories (National laboratory) |
Mountain cottontail |
reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) |
01/05/2020 |
Positive |
National Veterinary Services Laboratories (National laboratory) |
Rabbits |
antigen (Ag) detection ELISA |
30/04/2020 |
Positive |
National Veterinary Services Laboratories (National laboratory) |
Rabbits |
reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) |
27/04/2020 |
Positive |
National Veterinary Services Laboratories (National laboratory) |
Rabbits |
reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) |
29/04/2020 |
Positive |
National Veterinary Services Laboratories (National laboratory) |
Rabbits |
reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) |
30/04/2020 |
Positive |
National Veterinary Services Laboratories (National laboratory) |
Rabbits |
reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) |
01/05/2020 |
Positive |
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Future Reporting
The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted. |
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Map of outbreak locations
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